6. A different pointДругой смысл

Il faut avoir beaucoup étudié pour savoir peu.

Надо много учиться, чтобы сознать, что знаешь мало. Монтескье.

There is no lack of spiritual power; it surrounds us on every hand; but there is a lack of capacity to inspire it.

It is not for lack of air that the dying man cannot breathe, but for his lack of capacity to . assimilate it.

All the elements--physical, mental and spiritual--that have been or ever will be in the universe are in it now.

It is merely a question of wisdom to know how to employ and use them.

… great, to be religious ; to escape destiny ; to repress lust and famish desire ; to see an agreeable object and not seek to obtain it ; …

… to bear insult without anger ; …

… to investigate a matter to the very bottom ; not to con temn the ignorant ; thoroughly to extirpate selfesteem ; …

… to be the same in heart and life ; to avoid controversy.'

佛言。天下有二十難。貧窮布施難。豪貴學道難。

忍色離欲難。見好不求難。有勢不臨難。被辱不瞋難。

廣學博究難。不輕未學難。除滅我慢難。

心行平等難。不說是非難。

Buddha said : There are twenty difficult things in the world — being poor to be charitable ; being rich and great ; to be religious ; …

… to repress lust and banish desire ; to see an agreeable object and not seek to obtain it ; …

… to investigate a matter to the very bottom ; not to contemn the ignorant ; thoroughly to extirpate self-esteem ; …

… to be the same in heart and life; to avoid controversy.

Die religiöse Gewißheit. Religion ist (subjektiv betrachtet) das Erkenntnis aller unserer Pflichten als göttlicher Gebote.

Religion iſt (ſubjectiv betrachtet) das Erkenntniß aller unſerer Pflichten als göttlicher Gebote.

Religion, subjectively considered, is the ackno^vledgment and recognition of all our duties as if they were divine commaudments.

Convertir les amertumes en bénignité, le fiel des expériences humaines en mansuétude, les ingratitudes en bienfaits, les insultes en pardon, n'est-ce pas la sainte alchimie des belles âmes?

Et cette transformation doit devenir si habituelle et si coulante qu'on la croie spontanée et que personne ne nous en sache gré.

The beautiful souls of the world have an art of saintly alchemy, by which bitterness is converted into kindness, the gall of human experience into gentleness, ingratitude into benefits, insults into pardon. And the transformation ought to become so easy and habitual that the lookers-on may think it spontaneous, and nobody give us credit for it.

The holy man possesses not a fixed heart. The hundred families' hearts he makes his heart.

The good I meet with goodness ; the bad I also meet with goodness; for virtue is good [throughout].

The faithful I meet with faith; the faithless I also meet with faith ; for virtue is faithful [throughout].

The holy man dwells in the world anxious, very anxious in his dealings with the world. He universalises his heart, and the hundred families fix upon hirn their ears and eyes.

聖人無常心，以百姓心為心。

善者，吾善之；不善者，吾亦善之，

信者，吾信之；不信者，吾亦信之，德信。聖人在天下歙歙，為天下渾其心，

百姓皆注其耳目, …

The sage has no invariable mind of his own; he makes the mind of the people his mind.

To those who are sincere (with me), I am sincere; and to those who are not sincere (with me), I am also sincere;--and thus (all) get to be sincere.

The people all keep their eyes and ears directed to him, and he deals with them all as his children.

Святой человек не имеет своих чувств. Чувства народа становятся его чувствами. Доброе он встречает с добротой, с добротой же встречает и злое. Верных он встречает с верою, с такою же верою встречает и неверных.

Святой человек, живя в мире, озабочен своими отношениями к людям. Он чувствует за всех людей, и все люди обращают к нему свои уши и глаза.

Il est vrai qu’il y a de la peine, en entrant dans la piété ; mais cette peine ne vient pas de la piété qui commence d’être en nous, mais de l’impiété qui y est encore.

Nous ne souffrons qu’à proportion que le vice, qui nous est naturel, résiste à la grâce surnaturelle ; notre cœur se sent déchiré entre des efforts contraires ; mais il serait bien injuste d’imputer cette violence à Dieu qui nous attire, au lieu de l’attribuer au monde qui nous retient.

La plus cruelle guerre que Dieu puisse faire aux hommes en cette vie est de les laisser sans cette guerre qu’il est venu apporter.

It is true there is difficulty in entering into godliness. But this difficulty does not arise from the religion which begins in us, but from the irreligion which is still there.

We suffer only in proportion as the vice which is natural to us resists supernatural grace. Our heart feels torn asunder between these opposed efforts. But it would be very unfair to impute this violence to God, who is drawing us on, instead of to the world, which is holding us back.

The most cruel war which God can make with men in this life is to leave them without that war which He came to bring.

U est vrai qu'il y a de la peine en s'exerçant dans la piété. Mais cette peine ne vient pas de la piété qui commence d'être en nous , mais de l'impiété qui y est encore.

Mais il serait bien injuste d'imputer cette violence à Dieu qui nous attire, au lieu de l'attribuer au monde qui nous retient.

Путь исправления себя, правда, труден, но он труден не сам по себе, а труден потому, что мы так долго предавались порокам, которые и усложняют нам путь исправления.

Значит, причина борьбы — в нашем собственном нечестии. И между тем в этой борьбе наше спасение, и если бы бог избавил нас от этой борьбы, то мы, несчастные, остались бы при наших пороках.

It is with the spiritual senses as it is with our other faculties--if we do not exercise them, we do not realize that we possess them.

Those who never exercise their spiritual faculties become insensible to their existence.

God is not an idol to be praised and flattered, but an Ideal to be made real in the daily life of the individual.

The mystery of the life of plants is kindred with that of our own lives, and the physiologist must not presume to explain their growth according to mechanical laws, or as he would explain a machine of his own making.

If we do we shall discover nothing but surface still.

The mystery of the life of plants is kindred with that of our own lives, and the physiologist must not presume to explain their growth …

We must not expect to probe with our fingers the sanctuary of any life, whether animal or vegetable.

If we do, we shall discover nothing but surface still.

Science is inhuman. Things seen with a microscope begin to be insignificant.

If you would obtain insight, avoid anatomy.

Science is inhuman. Things seen with a microscope begin to be insignificant.

So described, they are monstrous, as if they should be magnified a thousand diameters.

There is one supreme Mind which transcends all …

… distant, yet near ; it pervades the system of worlds, and is yet infinitely beyond it.

The man who considers all beings as existing even in the Supreme Spirit, and the Supreme Spirit as pervading all beings, henceforth views no creature with contempt.

They who are ignorantly devoted to the mere ceremonies of religion are fallen into thick darkness, but they have a thicker gloom who are solely attached to fruitless speculation.

तदेजति तन्नैजति तद्दूरे तद्वन्तिके

यस्तु सर्वाणि भूतान्यात्मन्येवानुपश्यति

तत्र को मोहः कः शोक एकत्वमनुपश्यतः

अन्धं तमः प्रविशन्ति येऽविद्यामुपासते

It is inside of all this, and it is outside of all this.

And he who beholds all beings in the Self, and the Self in all beings, he never turns away from it …

… what sorrow, what trouble can there be to him who once beheld that unity ?

All who worship what is not real knowledge (good works), enter into blind darkness : those who delight in real knowledge, enter, as it were, into greater darkness.

They who are ignorantly devoted to the mere ceremonies of religion are fallen into thick darknefs, but they furely have a thicker gloom …

Ἐν τῷ γράφειν καὶ ἀναγινώσκειν οὐ πρότερον ἄρξεις πρὶν ἀρχθῇς. τοῦτο πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐν τῷ βίῳ.

Neither in writing nor in reading wilt thou be able to lay down rules for others before thou shalt have first learned to obey rules thyself. Much more is this so in life.

Кто сам не умеет читать и писать, не может учить этому других. Как же может указывать людям, что им делать, тот, кто не знает, что ему самому делать?

What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.

This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

… aspirations who, without the help of others, recognises a ray of the divine power in the smallest things of the world ; who shapes his inward and outward character accordingly, and shows due respect to himself and to others.

True greatness, in spiritual and in worldly matters, does not shrink from the minutiae of …

… but regards their performance as an act of divine worship.

He is a man of high understanding and noble aspirations who, without the help of others, recognizes a ray of the Divine power in the smallest things of the world ; who shapes his inward and outward character accordingly, and shews due respect to himself and to others.

True greatness, in spiritual and in worldly matters, does not shrink …

… but regards their performance as an act of Divine worship.

Virtue is a service man owes himself ; and though there were no heaven, nor any God to rule the world, it were not less the binding law of life.

It is man's privilege to know the right and follow it.

Virtue is a service man owes himself, and though there were no Heaven, nor any God to rule the world, it were not less the binding law of life.

It is man's privilege to know the Right and follow it.

… ἀπορία πᾶσι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις περὶ τὰ ἐκτὸς γίνεται, ἀμηχανία περὶ τὰ ἐκτός. τί ποιήσω; πῶς γένηται; πῶς ἀποβῇ; μὴ τόδε ἀπαντήσῃ, μὴ τόδε.

… ὅ με σὺ ἐγέννησας, χάριν ἔχω, ὧν ἔδωκας· ἐφʼ ὅσον ἐχρησάμην τοῖς σοῖς, ἀρκεῖ μοι. πάλιν αὐτὰ ἀπόλαβε καὶ κατάταξον εἰς ἣν θέλεις χώραν. σὰ γὰρ ἦν πάντα, σύ μοι αὐτὰ δέδωκας.

… ἵνα δὲ ταῦτα γένηται, οὐ μικρὰ δέξασθαι οὐδὲ μικρῶν ἀποτυχεῖν.

… ἀλλʼ ἄν τι τῶν ἀλλοτρίων θέλῃς, τὰ σὰ ἀπώλετο. αὕτη τοῦ πράγματος ἡ φύσις· προῖκα οὐδὲν γίνεται.

THE difficulties of all men are about external things, their helplessness is about externals. What shall I do, how will it be, how will it turn out, will this happen, will that?

That thou hast given me life, I thank thee for what thou hast given: so long as I have used the things which are thine I am content; take them back and place them wherever thou mayest choose; for thine were all things, thou gayest them to me …

But that this may be done (that such a declaration may be made), a man must receive (bear) no small things, nor are the things small which he must lose (go without).

But if you wish for any thing which belongs to another, that which is your own is lost. This is the nature of the thing: nothing is given or had for nothing.

Чтобы дожить до такой смерти, тебе не нужно многого лишиться, хотя, правда, этим самым ты многое приобретешь.

Он добился того, что его окружают некоторыми почестями, что его боятся и что он, сделавшись начальником, распоряжается какими-нибудь поступками.

… ὁ γὰρ τὸν ἑαυτοῦ νοῦν καὶ δαίμονα καὶ τὰ ὄργια τῆς τούτου ἀρετῆς προελόμενος τραγῳδίαν οὐ ποιεῖ, οὐ στενάζει, οὐκ ἐρημίας, οὐ πολυπληθείας δεήσεται·

… τὸ μέγιστον, ζήσει μήτε διώκων μήτε φεύγων, πότερον δὲ ἐπὶ πλέον διάστημα χρόνου τῷ σώματι περιεχομένῃ τῇ ψυχῇ ἢ ἐπ’ ἔλασσον χρήσεται, οὐδ᾽ ὁτιοῦν αὐτῷ μέλει·

… τοῦτο μόνον παρ’ ὅλον τὸν βίον εὐλαβούμενος, τὸ τὴν διάνοιαν ἔν τινι ἀνοικείῳ νοεροῦ καὶ πολιτικοῦ ζῴου τροπῇ γενέσθαι.

… for he who has preferred to everything else his own intelligence and daemon and the worship of its excellence, acts no tragic part, does not groan, will not need either solitude or much company; …

… and, what is chief of all, he will live without either pursuing or flying from [death]; …

… but whether for a longer or a shorter time he shall have the soul enclosed in the body, he cares not at all: …

… taking care of this only all through life, that his thoughts turn not away from anything which belongs to an intelligent animal and a member of a civil community.

Его не смущает помысл о том, надолго ли дух его заключен в плотской оболочке; поступки такого человека будут всегда одинаковы, даже в виду близкой кончины.

Свобода лица — величайшее дело; на ней и …

… только на ней …

… может вырасти действительная воля народа. В себе самом человек должен уважать свою свободу и чтить ее не менее, как в ближнем, как в целом народе.

… have another objection to the doctrine that we must deny reason in order to follow revelation.

Faith in this power lies at the foundation of all other faith.

No trust can be placed in God if we discredit the faculty by which God is discerned.

… if, after a deliberate and impartial use of our best faculties, a professed revelation seems to us plainly to disagree with itself or to clash with great principles which we cannot question, we ought not to hesitate to withhold from it our belief …

I am surer that my rational nature is from God than that any book is an expression of his will.

L'impartialité et l'objectivité sont aussi rares que la justice, dont elles ne sont que deux formes particulières.

Ce qui domine les hommes, c'est la peur de la vérité, à moins que la vérité ne leur soit utile, ce qui revient à dire que l'intérêt est le principe de la philosophie vulgaire, ou que la vérité est faite pour nous, mais non pas nous pour la vérité.

Et c'est ainsi qu'un préjugé d'amour-propre protège tous les préjugés de l'entendement, lesquels naissent d'un stratagème de l'égoïsme.

Le seul progrès voulu par elle, c'est l'accroissement des jouissances.

Le sacrifice, qui est la volupté des grandes âmes, n'a jamais été la loi des sociétés.

Impartiality and objectivity are as rare as justice, of which they are but two special forms. Self-interest is an inexhaustible source of convenient illusions.

And thus a prejudice of self-love protects all the prejudices of the understanding, which are themselves the result of a stratagem of the _ego_.

Sacrifice, which is the passion of great souls, has never been the law of societies.

Не утверждайте того, в чём вы совершенно не уверены. Не верьте легко всему, что слышите; не презирайте никого за недостатки.

Землю не должно продавать навсегда, ибо Моя земля: вы пришельцы и поселенцы у Меня; …

The land shall not be sold for ever: for the land is mine, for ye are strangers and sojourners with me.

… it must be admitted that knowledge immediately conducive to self-preservation is of primary importance.

Humilis tui cognitio certior via est ad Deum, quam profundæ scientiæ inquisitio. Non est culpanda scientia, aut quælibet rei notitia quæ bona est, in se considerata, et a Deo ordinata, sed præferenda est, semper bona conscientia, et vita.

A lowly knowledge of thyself is a surer way to God than the deep searching of man’s learning. Not that learning is to be blamed, nor the taking account of anything that is good; but a good conscience and a holy life is better than all.

While I sit here listening to the waves which ripple and break on this shore, I am absolved from all obligation to the past, and the council of nations may reconsider its votes. The grating of a pebble annuls them.

CHRISTIANITY FROM THE HINDU'S POINT OF VIEW.

… clip, the following from the Arya Patrika, (Lahore, India).

What higher destiny can Christianity give India than that it has had in the past? What grander intellectuality and spirituality can it bestow upon it than those which we possess and have had the high privilege of possessing from time immemorial? Has Christianity a higher conception of the all pervading, omnipotent and omniscient character of the Deity than the Arya Samaj?

Is the God who used to walk about in gardens with a pair of human beings, who could not hear what was spoken when he happened to be standing at some distance from the pair, who was afraid of being assailed in his heavenly stronghold by' the builders of a high tower, who would partake of roast lamb with old women and decrepid old men, …

… who day after dhy repented of his doings like erring mortals; is such a God superior to the formless All-knowing, Almighty Being who rules over countless worlds and whose will the universe obeys?

… his incarnation, his resurrection, and his atoning and redeeming love. What can be a greater insult to the glory and majesty of the Supreme than that one of his humblest creatures be placed on the same level with Him?

If the Hindus must believe in an incarnation, why should not they believe in Krishna or Rama, …

But God, according to the real Scriptures of mankind, is formless and unborn (Yaju, Vide 4th Chapter) and He can have no incarnation. The doctrine of resurrection is a pure myth, the grave has never given up its dead, instinct with life, nor will, unless its occupant was or is not yet really dead. With regard to the doctrine of atonement and of redemption, they are an outrage upon justice and must always be discarded by unbiased minds.

Вы слышали, что сказано древним: не убивай, кто же убьет, подлежит суду.

А Я говорю вам, что всякий, гневающийся на брата своего напрасно, подлежит суду; …

Вы слышали, что сказано древним: не прелюбодействуй.

А Я говорю вам, что всякий, кто смотрит на женщину с вожделением, уже прелюбодействовал с нею в сердце своем.

Еще слышали вы, что сказано древним: не преступай клятвы, но исполняй пред Господом клятвы твои.

А Я говорю вам: не клянись вовсе: ни небом, потому что оно престол Божий; …

Но да будет слово ваше: да, да; нет, нет; а что сверх этого, то от лукавого.

Вы слышали, что сказано: око за око и зуб за зуб.

А Я говорю вам: не противься злому. Но кто ударит тебя в правую щеку твою, обрати к нему и другую; …

… и кто захочет судиться с тобою и взять у тебя рубашку, отдай ему и верхнюю одежду; …

… и кто принудит тебя идти с ним одно поприще, иди с ним два.

Просящему у тебя дай, и от хотящего занять у тебя не отвращайся.

Вы слышали, что сказано: люби ближнего твоего и ненавидь врага твоего.

А Я говорю вам: люби́те врагов ваших, благословляйте проклинающих вас, благотворите ненавидящим вас и молитесь за обижающих вас и гонящих вас, …

… да будете сынами Отца вашего Небесного, ибо Он повелевает солнцу Своему восходить над злыми и добрыми и посылает дождь на праведных и неправедных.

Ибо если вы будете любить любящих вас, какая вам награда? Не то же ли делают и мытари …

И если вы приветствуете только братьев ваших, что особенного делаете? Не так же ли поступают и язычники?

Итак будьте совершенны, как совершен Отец ваш Небесный.

Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment: …

But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: …

Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery: …

But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart.

Again, ye have heard that it hath been said by them of old time, Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths: …

But I say unto you, Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for it is God’s throne: …

But let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil.

Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth: …

But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.

And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloak also.

And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain.

Give to him that asketh thee, and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou away.

Ye have heard that it hath been said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour, and hate thine enemy.

But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you; …

That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.

For if ye love them which love you, what reward have ye? do not even the publicans the same?

And if ye salute your brethren only, what do ye more than others? do not even the publicans so?

Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect.

Every man should stand for a force which is perfectly irresistible. How can any man be weak who dares _to be_ at all? Even the tenderest plants force their way up through the hardest earth and the crevices of rocks; but a man no material power can resist. What a wedge, what a beetle, what a catapult, is an _earnest_ man! What can resist him?

ETHICS. WALLACE YATES.

Christian missionaries in China have probably experienced something of this.

The true line of thought, which seeks not to impose new codes of authority, secular or religious, but recognizes the individuality of men, and their inherent, latent, power, must eventually accomplish more for man's progress than all the vain attempts of the blind to lead the blind where both fall into the ditch of dogma, authority and ethics.

… celui-là s'est fait, par cette seule parole, le centre de l'humanité, car c'est l'humanité entière qui ploie sous l'oppression et le travail.

Pour un maître, des millions d'esclaves ; pour un heureux selon Satan, des millions de créatures courbées vers la terre , qu'elles mouillent de leurs sueurs et de leurs larmes que nul n'essuie.

Et en venant au bon Pasteur, en se rassemblant autour de lui, elles ne feront qu'un ; il n'y aura plus qu'une seule bergerie et qu'un seul Pasteur.

Voilà le but, sur la mission du Christ : faire de tous les hommes un peuple de frères, les unir entre eux en les unissant à Dieu, les constituer dans l'unité sous les lois saintes delà liberté, qui est le principe du progrès sans fin, sans terme, de l'humanité; de l'amour, qui est la vie, l'éternelle vie de tout ce qui est.

Всё то, чем люди так восхищаются, всё, ради приобретения чего они так волнуются и хлопочут, всё это не приносит им ни малейшего счастия.

И это очень понятно, потому что не удовлетворением своих праздных желаний достигается свобода, но, наоборот, избавлением себя от таких желаний.

… и ты сам скоро увидишь, что таким способом получишь гораздо больше покоя и счастья.

… ἔργῳ γὰρ εἴσῃ, ὅτι ἀληθῆ ἐστι καὶ τούτων τῶν θαυμαζομένων καὶ σπουδαζομένων ὄφελος οὐδέν ἐστι τοῖς τυχοῦσι· τοῖς δὲ μηδέπω τετευχόσι φαντασία γίνεται, ὅτι παραγενομένων αὐτῶν ἅπαντα παρέσται αὐτοῖς τὰ ἀγαθά· εἶθʼ ὅταν παραγένηται, τὸ καῦμα ἴσον, ὁ ῥιπτασμὸς ὁ αὐτός, ἡ ἄση, ἡ τῶν οὐ παρόντων ἐπιθυμία.

… οὐ γὰρ ἐκπληρώσει τῶν ἐπιθυμουμένων ἐλευθερία παρασκευάζεται, ἀλλὰ ἀνασκευῇ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας. καὶ ἵνʼ εἰδῇς, ὅτι ἀληθῆ ταῦτά ἐστιν, ὡς ἐκείνων ἕνεκα πεπόνηκας, οὕτως καὶ ἐπὶ ταῦτα μετάθες τὸν πόνον·

For you will know by experience that the words are true, and that there is no profit from the things which are valued and eagerly sought to those who have obtained them; …

… then, when they are come, the feverish feeling is the same, the tossing to and fro is the same, the satiety, the desire of things which are not present; for freedom is acquired not by the full possession of the things which are desired, but by removing the desire. And that you may know that this is true, as you have laboured for those things, so transfer your labour to these; …

The holy man possesses not a fixed heart. The hundred families' hearts he makes his heart.

The good I meet with goodness ; the bad I also meet with goodness; for virtue is good [throughout].

聖人無常心，以百姓心為心。

善者，吾善之；不善者，吾亦善之，

The sage has no invariable mind of his own; he makes the mind of the people his mind.

To those who are good (to me), I am good; and to those who are not good (to me), I am also good;--and thus (all) get to be good.

Le Saint n'a point de sentiments immuables. Il adopte les sentiments du peuple …

… le traite comme un homme vertueux; celui qui n'est pas vertueux, il le traite aussi comme un homme vertueux.

And in these days you have to guard against the fatallest darkness of the two opposite Prides;--the Pride of Faith, which imagines that the nature of the Deity can be defined by its convictions; and the Pride of Science, which imagines that the energy of Deity can be explained by its analysis.

Of these, the first, the Pride of Faith, is now, as it has been always, the most deadly, …

We are like children who repeat by rote the sentences of grandames and tutors, and, as they grow older, of the men of talents and character they chance to see,—painfully recollecting the exact words they spoke; afterwards, when they come into the point of view which those had who uttered these sayings, they understand them and are willing to let the words go; for at any time they can use words as good when occasion comes.

Die Religion hat weit höhere Abſichten, als den recht— ſchafnen? Mann zu bilden. Sie ſetzt ihn voraus; und ihr Haupt⸗ zweck iſt, den rechtſchafnen? Mann zu höhern Einſichten zu er-

Религия имеет более высокие цели, чем образование хорошего человека. Она предполагает, что он уже есть, и главная цель ее в том, чтобы поднять этого хорошего человека на высшую степень понимания.

Heaven endures and earth is lasting. And why can heaven and earth endure and be lasting? Because they do not live for themselves. On that account can they endure.

He surrenders his person and his person is preserved. Is it not because he seeks not his own? For that reason he can accomplish his own.

天長地久。天地所以能長且久者，以其不自生，

故能長生。是以聖人後其身而身先；外其身而身存。非以其無私邪，故能成其私。

7. 1. Heaven is long-enduring and earth continues long. The reason why heaven and earth are able to endure and continue thus long is because they do not live of, or for, themselves.

… he treats his person as if it were foreign to him, and yet that person is preserved. Is it not because he has no personal and private ends, that therefore such ends are realised?

Небо и земля вечны. Причина того, что небо и земля вечны, заключается в том, что они существуют не для себя.

Поэтому святой муж отрешается от себя и этим спасается. Это происходит оттого, что он не ищет ничего для себя. Поэтому-то он и совершает всё, что ему нужно.

Diso disaṁ yaṁ taṁ kayirā, …

… verī vā pana verinaṁ; …

Micchāpaṇihitaṁ cittaṁ, …

Na taṁ mātā pitā kayirā, …

Sammāpaṇihitaṁ cittaṁ, …

42. Whatever a hater may do to a hater, or an enemy to an enemy, a wrongly-directed mind will do us greater mischief.

43. Not a mother, not a father will do so much, nor any other relative; a well-directed mind will do us greater service.

Злом воздаст тебе твой враг, больно отплатит ненавистник, но несравненно горшее зло принесет тебе заблуждающийся ум.

Ни отец, ни мать, ни родные, ни близкие не сделают тебе так много доброго, как твой ум, избравший верный путь.

… ἐδίδασκε δὲ καὶ μέχρι ὅτου δέοι ἔμπειρον εἶναι ἑκάστου πράγματος τὸν ὀρθῶς πεπαιδευμένον. αὐτίκα γεωμετρίαν μέχρι μὲν τούτου ἔφη δεῖν μανθάνειν, ἕως ἱκανός τις γένοιτο, εἴ ποτε δεήσειε, γῆν μέτρῳ ὀρθῶς ἢ παραλαβεῖν ἢ παραδοῦναι ἢ διανεῖμαι ἢ ἔργον ἀποδείξασθαι· οὕτω δὲ τοῦτο ῥᾴδιον εἶναι μαθεῖν ὥστε τὸν προσέχοντα τὸν νοῦν τῇ μετρήσει ἅμα τήν τε γῆν ὁπόση ἐστὶν εἰδέναι καὶ ὡς μετρεῖται ἐπιστάμενον ἀπιέναι.

… τὸ δὲ μέχρι τῶν δυσσυνέτων διαγραμμάτων γεωμετρίαν μανθάνειν ἀπεδοκίμαζεν. ὅ τι μὲν γὰρ ὠφελοίη ταῦτα, οὐκ ἔφη ὁρᾶν· καίτοι οὐκ ἄπειρός γε αὐτῶν ἦν· ἔφη δὲ ταῦτα ἱκανὰ εἶναι ἀνθρώπου βίον κατατρίβειν καὶ ἄλλων πολλῶν τε καὶ ὠφελίμων μαθημάτων ἀποκωλύειν.

… ἐκέλευε δὲ καὶ ἀστρολογίας ἐμπείρους γίγνεσθαι, καὶ ταύτης μέντοι μέχρι τοῦ νυκτός τε ὥραν καὶ μηνὸς καὶ ἐνιαυτοῦ δύνασθαι γιγνώσκειν ἕνεκα πορείας τε καὶ πλοῦ καὶ φυλακῆς, …

… καὶ ταῦτα δὲ ῥᾴδια εἶναι μαθεῖν παρά τε νυκτοθηρῶν καὶ κυβερνητῶν καὶ ἄλλων πολλῶν οἷς ἐπιμελὲς ταῦτα εἰδέναι.

… τὸ δὲ μέχρι τούτου ἀστρονομίαν μανθάνειν, μέχρι τοῦ καὶ τὰ μὴ ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ περιφορᾷ ὄντα, καὶ τοὺς πλάνητάς τε καὶ ἀσταθμήτους ἀστέρας γνῶναι, καὶ τὰς ἀποστάσεις αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς καὶ τὰς περιόδους καὶ τὰς αἰτίας αὐτῶν ζητοῦντας κατατρίβεσθαι, ἰσχυρῶς ἀπέτρεπεν. ὠφέλειαν μὲν γὰρ οὐδεμίαν οὐδʼ ἐν τούτοις ἔφη ὁρᾶν· καίτοι οὐδὲ τούτων γε ἀνήκοος ἦν· ἔφη δὲ καὶ ταῦτα ἱκανὰ εἶναι κατατρίβειν ἀνθρώπου βίον καὶ πολλῶν καὶ ὠφελίμων ἀποκωλύειν.

To take geometry as an instance: Every one (he would say) ought to be taught geometry so far, at any rate, as to be able, if necessary, to take over or part with a piece of land, or to divide it up or assign a portion of it for cultivation, …

But he was unable to approve of the pursuit of geometry up to the point at which it became a study of unintelligible diagrams.

These things, he would say, were enough to wear out a man's life, and to hinder him from many other more useful studies.

Every one should know enough of the science to be able to discover the hour of the night or the season of the month or year, for the purposes of travel by land or sea--the march, the voyage, and the regulations of the watch; …

As to pushing the study of astronomy so far as to include a knowledge of the movements of bodies outside our own orbit, whether planets or stars of eccentric movement, …

D'où je conclus: Malheur aux riches d'esprit, à ces savans qui entassent tant de connoissances , à ces philosophes sages en euxmêmes , aux esprits qui veulent tout pénétrer, et jouir de leurs lumières comme un avare de ses trésors ! Ce sont les mauvais riches de l'esprit qui font tous les jours des festins somptueux pendant que le pauvre Lazare souiï're en paix la faim.

On est plein sans le savoir , et plein de rien, car la plupart des connoissances acquises ne nous donnent aucune nourriture elfective pour la vie intérieure , qui est l'amour de Dieu.

Woe to the wealthy-minded, to the learned who heap up knowledge, to the self-satisfied philosopher, to the insatiable inquirer, who hoards his lights as a miser his treasure! These evil rich men are daily feasting on intellectual banquets, while Lazarus patiently suffers hunger.

Men are filled with what is nought, for such empty knowledge does not promote the interior life, which consists wholly in the love of God.

And as the first order of Wisdom is to know thyself--though the least creature that can be known--so the first order of Charity is to be sufficient for thyself, though the least creature that can be sufficed; and thus contented and appeased, to be girded and strong for the ministry to others.

There is no one stands in the way of each individual's spiritual unfoldment but himself. Physical sickness, mental disability and poverty are no barriers to the development of the spiritual nature, for these are all transformed by the expansion of love in the soul, and if they persist with any one, it is because he or she lacks love.--L. A. M.

Du point de vue du bonheur, la question de la vie est insoluble, car ce sont nos plus hautes aspirations qui nous empêchent d'être heureux. Du point de vue du devoir, même difficulté, car le devoir accompli donne la paix, non le bonheur. C'est l'amour divin, le saint amour, la possession de Dieu par la foi qui résout la difficulté ; car si le sacrifice est devenu lui-même une joie, joie permanente, croissante et indéfectible, alors l'âme a un aliment suffisant et indéfini.

From the point of view of happiness, the problem of life is insoluble, for it is our highest aspirations which prevent us from being happy. From the point of view of duty, there is the same difficulty, for the fulfillment of duty brings peace, not happiness.

… the national hatreds, the worship of military glory, the thirst for victory or revenge, dull public conscience, pervert the best social instincts into that low, unreasoning extension of selfishness miscalled patriotism; …

… lead men to submit to tyranny and usurpation from the savage thirst for cutting the throats of other people, or the fear of having their own throats cut.

They so pervert religious perceptions that professed followers of Christ bless in his name the standards of murder and rapine, and thanks are given to the Prince of Peace for victories that pile …

Even beautiful arms are unblest among tools, and people had better shun them. Therefore he who has Reason does not rely on them.

Peace and quietude he holds high. He conquers but rejoices not.

夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或惡之，故有道者不處。

Now arms, however beautiful, are instruments of evil omen, hateful, it may be said, to all creatures.

" Divide and conquer " is the golden maxim of the oppressors of mankind.

It is by arousing race antipathies and exciting national animosities, by appealing to local prejudices and setting people against people, that aristocracies and despotisms have been founded and maintained.

They who would free men must rise above such feelings if they would be successful.

… sic mentem hominis, quamvis eam non videas, ut deum non vides, tamen, ut deum adgnoscis ex operibus eius, sic ex memoria rerum et inventione et celeritate motus omnique pulchritudine virtutis vim divinam mentis adgnoscito.

Thus, though you see not the soul of man, as you see not the Deity, yet, as by the contemplation of his works you are led to acknowledge a God, so you must own the divine power of the soul, from its remembering things, from its invention, from the quickness of its motion, and from all the beauty of virtue.

No man has any data for estimating, far less right of judging, the results of a life of resolute self-denial, until he has had the courage to try it himself, at least for a time: but I believe no reasonable person will wish, and no honest person dare, to deny the benefits he has occasionally felt both in mind and body, during periods of accidental privation from luxury, or exposure to danger.

… ни один честный человек не посмеет отрицать то благотворное влияние, какое имели на его душу и тело хотя бы те случайные лишения в предметах роскоши или опасности, которым он подвергался.

L'esprit de Jésus, que les puissants, du haut de leurs trônes et de leurs chaires, s'efforcent d'étouffer, est partout reconnoissable à des signes frappants.

Les peuples ne se sentent-ils pas frères?

Des bruits souterrains troublent leur sommeil.

C'est le travail du germe près d'éclore, le travail de l'amour qui otera les péchés du monde, ranimera la vie défaillante, consolera les affligés, rompra les fers des captifs, ouvrira devant les peuples une route nouvelle, à l'entrée de laquelle il leur sera dit : Allez en paix.

I know well how strange, fanciful, or impracticable these suggestions will appear to most of the business men of this day; men who conceive the proper state of the world to be simply that of a vast and disorganized mob, scrambling each for what he can get, trampling down its children and old men in the mire, and doing what work it finds _must_ be done with any irregular squad of labourers it can bribe or inveigle together, and afterwards scatter to starvation.

The progress of civilization requires that more and more intelligence be devoted to social affairs, and this not the intelligence of the few, but that of the many.

We cannot safely leave politics to politicians, or political economy to college professors.

The people themselves must think, because the people alone can act.

Le rivoluzioni hanno ad esser fatte pel Popolo e dal popolo; …

Quand la vérité est évidente, il est impossible qu’il s’élève des partis et des factions.

Longue dispute signifie « les deux partis ont tort ».

A long dispute signifies--"Both parties are wrong."

The rich satisfy themselves with giving alms to the needy.

They think little that their spirit and lives, their self-indulgence and earthliness, their idolatry of outward prosperity, and their contempt of inferior conditions, are …

… perpetually teaching the destitute that there is but one good on earth, namely, property — the very good in which the poor have no share.

Wenn die schönen Künste nicht, nahe oder fern, mit moralischen Ideen in Verbindung gebracht werden, die allein ein selbständiges Wohlgefallen bei sich führen, so ist das letztere ihr endliches Schicksal.

Sie dienen alsdann nur zur Zerstreuung, deren man desto mehr bedürftig wird, als man sich ihrer bedient, um die Unzufriedenheit des Gemüts mit sich selbst dadurch zu vertreiben, daß man sich immer noch unnützlicher und mit sich selbst unzufriedener macht.

If the beautiful arts are not brought into more or less close combination with moral Ideas, which alone bring with them a self-sufficing satisfaction, this latter fate must ultimately be theirs. They then serve only as a distraction, of which we are the more in need the more we avail ourselves of them to disperse the discontent of the mind with itself; so that we thus render ourselves ever more useless and ever more discontented.

… it may be she will die, but it cannot be that she will live the slave of the rich, and the token of the enduring slavery of the poor.

I stated, in the first two, that the wisdom of art and the wisdom of science consisted in their being each devoted unselfishly to the service of men; …

Ἡλίκην ἐξουσίαν ἔχει ἄνθρωπος μὴ ποιεῖν ἄλλο ἢ ὅπερ μέλλει ὁ θεὸς ἐπαινεῖν, καὶ δέχεσθαι πᾶν ὃν νέμῃ αὐτῷ ὁ θεός.

What a power man has to do nothing except what God will approve, and to accept all that God may give him.

Какая сила в человеке, который действует всегда по воле бога и во всем ему покорен!

Ne méprise pas ta situation ; c'est là qu'il faut agir, souffrir et vaincre. De tous les points de la terre on est aussi près du ciel et de l'infini.

Do not despise your situation; in it you must act, suffer, and conquer. From every point on earth we are equally near to heaven and to the infinite.

Nemo non, cum alteri prodest, sibi profuit, non eo nomine dico, quod volet adiuvare adiutus, protegere defensus, quod bonum exemplum circuitu ad facientem revertitur …

… sed quod virtutum omnium pretium in ipsis est. Non enim exercentur ad praemium: recte facti fecisse merces est.

There is not a man who, when he has benefited his neighbour, has not benefited himself,—I do not mean for the reason that he whom you have aided will desire to aid you, …

… but that the reward for all the virtues lies in the virtues themselves.

For they are not practised with a view to recompense; the wages of a good deed is to have done it.

Благотворя ближним, мы, сами не замечая, делаем гораздо более для себя, чем для других.

… show pity towards the wicked, for on the good thou hast already bestowed mercy by having created them virtuous …

درویشی به مناجات در می‌گفت: یا رب بر بدان رحمت كن كه بر نیكان خود رحمت كرده‌ای كه مر ایشان را نیک آفریده‌ای.

A Durwaish, in his prayer, said, " O God, show pity towards the wicked, for on the good thou hast already bestowed mercy, by having created them virtuous."

… καὶ ἀξιοῦντας ἡμᾶς στρατεύεσϑαι ὑπὲρ τοῦ κοινοῦ καὶ ἀνϑρώπους ἀναιρεῖν …

… πολέμου καταλαβόντος καὶ τοὺς ἱερεῖς στρατεύετε.

… ἡμεῖς δὲ χαὶ ταῖς εὐχαῖς πάντας δαίμονας, τοὺς ἐγείροντας τὰ πολεμικὰ καὶ OQxovo συγχέοντας καὶ τὴν εἰρήνην ταράσσοντας, καϑαιροῦντες μᾶλλον βοηϑοῦμεν τοῖς βασιλεύουσιν ἤπερ οἱ δοχοῦντες στρατεύεσϑαι.

… καὶ οὐ συστρατευόμεϑα μὲν αὐτῷ, κἂν ἐπείγῃ, στρατευόμεϑα δὲ ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ ἴδιον στρατόπεδον εὐσεβείας συγκροτοῦντες διὰ τῶν πρὸς τὸ ϑεῖον ἐντεύξεων.

And to those enemies of our faith who require us to bear arms for the commonwealth, and to slay men, we can reply: …

And as we by our prayers vanquish all demons who stir up war, and lead to the violation of oaths, and disturb the peace, we in this way are much more helpful to the kings than those who go into the field to fight for them.

We do not indeed fight under him, although he require it; but we fight on his behalf, forming a special army--an army of piety--by offering our prayers to God.

Отвечая на обвинение Цельзом христиан в том, что они уклоняются от военной службы, так что, по мнению Цельза, если только Римская империя сделается христианской, она погибнет, Ориген говорит, что христиане больше других сражаются за благо императора, сражаются за него добрыми делами, молитвой и добрым влиянием на людей.

Près de consommer sa mission, Jésus annonce une société nouvelle, et en pose les fondements.

Il leur apprend qu'égaux devant Dieu, les hommes sont libres à l'égard l'un de l'autre ; qu'aucun n'a par soi-même de pouvoir sur ses frères ; que l'égalité, la liberté, lois divines de la race humaine, sont imprescriptibles : que le pouvoir dès lors ne peut être conçu comme un droit ; qu'il est, dans l'association qui le délègue, une fonction, un service, un dévouement, une sorte d'esclavage accepté par l'amour en vue du bien de tous.

… depuis dix-huit siècles les générations se les transmettent , elles disent y croire ; et cependant qu'y a-t-il de changé dans le monde?

… ont manqué de ce qui seul assure le triomphe, le courage de combattre et celui de mourir.

Whoso would be a man, must be a nonconformist. He who would gather immortal palms must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be goodness.

Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. Absolve you to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world.

Our popular theology is mainly based on the superficial and transient element. It stands by the forbearance of the sceptic. They who rely on it, are always in danger and always in dread.

… and wakens the thunder of the churches; the more reasonable the doubt the greater the alarm.

Do men fear lest the mountains fall : Tradition is always uncertain. " Perhaps yes, perhaps no," is all we can say of it. Yet it is made the basis of Religion. Authority is taken for Truth, and not Truth for Authority.

Belief is made the Substance of Religion, as Authority its Sanction and Tradition its Ground.

A doubt strongly put, shakes the pulpits of New England, and wakens the thunder of the church. Do men fear lest the …

Наше церковное христианство построено на пустых и шатких основаниях.

Разве люди боятся, чтобы горы провалились? Церковное же предание ежеминутно готово разрушиться.

Das Studium der Naturgeſchichte iſt nun in Deutſchland bis zur Raſerey …

Allein obgleich vor Gott das Inſect ſo viel gilt, als der Menſch, ſo iſt es fuͤr unſern Nerven— Knaul doch nicht ſo. Guͤtiger Himmel, wie viel hat der Menſch in Ordnung zu bringen, bis er auf Vögel und Schmet— terlinge kommt!

Lerne deinen Körper kennen, und was du von deiner Seele wiſſen kannſt; gewoͤhne deinen Verſtand zum Zweifel und dein Herz zur Vertraͤg— lichkeit.

Wo eine Schmetterlingshiſtorie ſteht, waͤre Platz fuͤr Plutarchs Biographien geweſen, die doch zu großen Thaten angefeuert haͤtten.

Изучение естественной истории дошло, наконец, в Германии до безумия. Хотя для бога насекомое и человек — равноценны, однако для нашего разума это не так. Как много должен человек привести в порядок, прежде чем он дойдет до птиц и мотыльков!

Il parle peu parce qu’il ne se soucie gueres qu’on s’occupe de lui ; par la même raison, il ne dit que des choses utiles : …

Généralement les gens qui savent peu, parlent beaucoup, & les gens qui savent beaucoup, parlent peu : il est simple qu’un ignorant trouve important tout ce qu’il sait, & le dise à tout le monde.

Mais un homme instruit, n’ouvre pas aisément son répertoire : il auroit trop à dire, & il voit encore plus à dire après lui ; il se tait.

People who know little are usually great talkers, while men who know much say little. It is plain that an ignorant person thinks everything he does know important, and he tells it to everybody. But a well-educated man is not so ready to display his learning; he would have too much to say, and he sees that there is much more to be said, so he holds his peace.

… κλέπται, φησίν, εἰσὶ καὶ λωποδύται.

… χαλεπαίνειν οὖν δεῖ αὐτοῖς ἢ ἐλεεῖν αὐτούς; ἀλλὰ δεῖξον τὴν πλάνην καὶ ὄψει πῶς ἀφίστανται τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων.

… ἀποτετυφλωμένον οὐ τὴν ὄψιν τὴν διακριτικὴν τῶν λευκῶν καὶ μελάνων, ἀλλὰ τὴν γνώμην τὴν διακριτικὴν τῶν ἀγαθῶν καὶ τῶν κακῶν …

… μέχρι δʼ ἂν ταῦτα θαυμάζῃς, σεαυτῷ χαλέπαινε μᾶλλον ἢ ἐκείνοις.

They are thieves and robbers, you may say. What do you mean by thieves and robbers? They are mistaken about good and evil. Ought we then to be angry with them, or to pity them? But show them their error, and you will see how they desist from their errors.

This man who has been mistaken and deceived about the most important things, and blinded, not in the faculty of vision which distinguishes white and black, but in the faculty which distinguishes good and bad, should we not destroy him?

But so long as you value these things, be angry with yourself rather than with the thief and the adulterer.

Если ты так счастлив, что всегда говоришь только то, что есть на самом деле, отвергаешь то, что ложно, сомневаешься только в том, что сомнительно, желаешь только добра и пользы, то ты не будешь негодовать на злых и безрассудных людей.

Он слеп не телесной слепотой, но духовной.

Пожалей же этих несчастных и старайся, чтобы их заблуждения не обозлили тебя. Вспомни, как часто ты сам заблуждался и согрешал, и понегодуй лучше на себя за то, что в душе твоей гнездятся злоба и жестокость.

Das Vermögen wohlzutun, was von Glücksgütern abhängt, ist größtenteils ein Erfolg aus der Begünstigung verschiedener Menschen durch die Ungerechtigkeit der Regierung, welche eine Ungleichheit des Wohlstandes, die anderer Wohltätigkeit notwendig macht, einführt.

Verdient unter solchen Umständen der Beistand, den der Reiche den Notleidenden erweisen mag, wohl überhaupt den Namen der Wohltätigkeit, mit welcher man sich so gern als Verdienst brüstet?

You shall not wish for death out of pusillanimity. The weight of the Universe is pressed down on the shoulders of each moral agent to hold him to his task. The only path of escape known in all the worlds of God is performance. You must do your work, before you shall be released.

The Situation that has not its Duty, its Ideal, was never yet occupied by man. Yes here, in this poor, miserable, hampered, despicable Actual, wherein thou even now standest, here or nowhere is thy Ideal: work it out therefrom; and working, believe, live, be free.

O thou that pinest in the imprisonment of the Actual, and criest bitterly to the gods for a kingdom wherein to rule and create, know this of a truth: the thing thou seekest is already with thee, 'here or nowhere,' couldst thou only see!

The Christian revelation was the doctrine of human equality, of the fatherhood of God, of the brotherhood of man.

It struck at the very basis of that monstrous tyranny that then oppressed the civilised world; it struck at the fetters of the captive, at the bonds of the slave, at that monstrous injustice which allowed a class to revel on the proceeds of labour, while those who did the labour fared scantily.

That is the reason why early Christianity was persecuted. And when they could no longer hold it down, then the privileged classes adopted and perverted the new faith, and it became, in its very triumph, not the pure Christianity of the early days, but a Christianity that, to a very great extent, was the servitor of the privileged classes.

For the failure of all good people nowadays is that, associating politely with wicked persons, countenancing them in their wickedness, and often joining in it, they think to avert its consequences by collaterally labouring to repair the ruin it has caused; …

… and while, in the morning, they satisfy their hearts by ministering to the wants of two or three destitute persons, in the evening they dine with, envy, and prepare themselves to follow the example of, the rich speculator who has caused the destitution of two or three thousand.

They are thus destroying more in hours than they can amend in years; or, at the best, vainly feeding the famine-struck populations, in the rear of a devouring army, always on the increase in mass of numbers, and rapidity of march.

Ошибка всех добрых людей в наше время состоит в том, что, вежливо протягивая руку злым, поддерживая их в их зле и часто даже содействуя им, они надеются отвратить последствие зла, побочно стараясь исправить причиненный им вред.

Таким образом, они разрушают в несколько часов больше, чем в силах исправить в течение десятков лет, или в лучшем случае, тщетно кормя голодающее население в тылу всеистребляющей армии, стараются всё более увеличить численность этой армии и быстроту ее передвижения.

You knock a man into a ditch, and then you tell him to remain content in the 'position in which Providence has placed him.' That's modern Christianity.

You say--'We did not knock him into the ditch.' How do you know what you have done, or are doing?

That's just what we have all got to know, and what we shall never know, until the question with us every morning, is, not how to do the gainful thing, but how to do the just thing; …

Вы толкаете человека в яму и затем говорите ему, что он должен быть доволен тем положением, в которое поставило его провидение. Таково наше современное христианство.

Да, конечно, мы до тех пор не будем сознавать всего, что делаем и чего не делаем, пока каждое утро не будем задавать себе вопроса, как нам в течение дня делать не то, что выгодно, а что справедливо, пока мы не станем настолько, по крайней мере, христианами, чтобы признать справедливость изречения магометан, гласящего, что «час справедливости стоит больше семидесяти лет молитвы».

Vous êtes dans ce monde comme des étrangers.

Allez au Nord et au Midi, à l’Orient et à l’Occident, en quelque endroit que vous vous arrêtiez, vous trouverez un homme qui vous en chassera, en disant : Ce champ est à moi.

Et après avoir parcouru tous les pays, vous reviendrez, sachant qu’il n’y a nulle part un pauvre petit coin de terre où votre femme en travail puisse enfanter son premier-né, où vous puissiez reposer après votre labeur, où, arrivé au dernier terme, vos enfants puissent enfouir vos os, comme dans un lieu qui soit à vous.

Ye are in the world as strangers.

Go to the north and the south, to the east and to the west, on whatever side you turn, you will find a man who will drive you away, saying, this field is mine.

But the ‘ Land Question,’ as we call it, by a somewhat heartless euphemism, means hunger, thirst, nakedness, notice to quit, labour spent in vain, the toil of years seized upon, the breaking up of homes, the miseries, sicknesses, deaths, of parents, children, wives; the despair and wildness which spring up in the hearts of the poor when legal force, like a sharp harrow, goes over the most sensitive and vital rights of mankind.

… as a drunken man who is standing on the brink of a precipice, indulges in drunken laughter . and ribald speech at the warning of those who would prevent him from falling down to destruc- ‘tion, is the world to-day drunk with gold and all manner of unholy plunder, and scofling at the seer who would save it from its impending fate.

As of old it may be said: “O! Jerusalem! Jerusalem! which killeth the Prophets and stoned them …

Иерусалим, Иерусалим, избивающий пророков и камнями побивающий посланных к тебе! сколько раз хотел Я собрать детей твоих, как птица собирает птенцов своих под крылья, и вы не захотели!

L’Umanità, ha detto un pensatore del secolo scorso, è un uomo che impara sempre. Gl’individui muoiono; ma quel tanto di vero che essi hanno pensato, quel tanto di buono ch’essi hanno operato non va perduto con essi: l’Umanità lo raccoglie e gli uomini che passeggiano sulla loro sepoltura ne fanno lor pro.

Ognuno di noi nasce in oggi in una atmosfera d’idee e di credenze, elaborata da tutta l’Umanità anteriore: ognuno di noi porta, senza pur saperlo, un elemento più o meno importante alla vita dell’Umanità successiva.

La educazione dell’Umanità progredisce come si innalzano in Oriente quelle piramidi alle quali ogni viandante aggiunge una pietra. Noi passiamo, viandanti d’un giorno, chiamati a compiere la nostra educazione individuale altrove; l’educazione dell’Umanità si mostra a lampi in ciascuno di noi, si svela lentamente, progressivamente, continuamente nell’Umanità.

A thinker of the past century has described Humanity as A man that lives and learns for ever. Individuals die, but the amount of truth they have thought, and the sum of good they have done, dies not with them.

The education of Humanity is built up like those Eastern Pyramids to which every passing traveller added a stone.

De sorte que toute la suite des hommes, pendant le cours de tant de siècles, doit être considérée comme un même homme qui subsiste toujours et qui apprend continuellement : …

Honor him whose life is perpetual victory; him, who, by sympathy with the invisible and real, finds support in labor, instead of praise; who does not shine, and would rather not.

With eyes open, he makes the choice of virtue, which outrages the virtuous; of religion, which churches stop their discords to burn and exterminate; for the highest virtue is always against the law.

L. My dear, it is the proverb of proverbs; Apollo's proverb, and the sun's--but do you think you can know yourself by looking INTO yourself? Never.

You can know what you are, only by looking OUT of yourself. Measure your own powers with those of others; compare your own interests with those of others; try to understand what you appear to them, as well as what they appear to you; and judge of yourselves, in all things, relatively and subordinately; not positively: starting always with a wholesome conviction of the probability that there is nothing particular about you.

… think how many people are noble, if you cannot be; and rejoice in THEIR nobleness.

«Познай самого себя» есть основное правило. Но неужели вы думаете, что можно познать себя, всматриваясь в себя? Нет. Вы можете познать себя, только присматриваясь к тому, что вне вас. Сравнивайте ваши силы с силами других, ваши интересы с их интересами; старайтесь понять, чем вы кажетесь им и они вам, и судите о себе, как о чем-то второстепенном, исходя из уверенности, что в вас, вероятно, нет ничего особенного.

To set the mind above the appetites is the end of abstinence, which one of the Fathers observes to be not a virtue, but the ground-work of virtue.

Εἰ μὲν σφάλλεται, διδάσκειν εὐμενῶς καὶ τὸ παρορώμενον δεικνύναι. εἰ δὲ ἀδυνατεῖς, σεαυτὸν αἰτιᾶσθαι ἢ μηδὲ σεαυτόν.

If a man is mistaken, instruct him kindly and show him his error. But if thou art not able, blame thyself, or blame not even thyself.

Если ты заметил в ком-либо ошибку, поправь его кротко и укажи ему, в чем он ошибся. Если твоя попытка остается безуспешна, вини одного себя или, еще лучше, никого не вини, а продолжай быть кротким.

Yassa pāpaṁ kataṁ kammaṁ, …

… kusalena pidhīyati; …

Somaṁ lokaṁ pabhāseti, …

… abbhā muttova candimā.

173. He whose evil deeds are covered by good deeds, brightens up this world, like the moon when freed from clouds.

Тот, кто свои прежние злые дела покрыл впоследствии добрыми, светит в этом мрачном мире подобно месяцу в облачной ночи.

Die Beobachtungen und Berechnungen der Sternkundigen haben uns viel Bewundernswürdiges gelehrt, aber das Wichtigste ist wohl, daß sie uns den Abgrund der Unwissenheit aufgedeckt haben, den die menschliche Vernunft ohne diese Kenntnisse sich niemals so groß hätte vorstellen können, und worüber das Nachdenken eine große Veränderung in der Bestimmung der Endabsichten unseres Vernunftgebrauchs hervorbringen muß.

The investigations and calculations of astronomers have taught us much that is wonderful; but the most important lesson we have received from them is the discovery of the abyss of our ignorance in relation to the universe—an ignorance the magnitude of which reason, without the information thus derived, could never have conceived. This discovery of our deficiencies must produce a great change in the determination of the aims of human reason.

Die Beobachtungen und Berechnungen der Sternkundigen haben uns viel Bewunderungswürdiges gelehrt, aber das Wichtigste ist wohl, daß sie uns den Abgrund der Unwissenheit aufgedeckt haben, den die menschliche Vernunft, ohne diese Kenntnisse, sich niemals so groß hätte vorstellen können, und worüber das Nachdenken eine große Veränderung in der Bestimmung der Endabsichten unseres Vernunftgebrauchs hervorbringen muß.

Наблюдения и вычисления астрономов научили нас многому, достойному удивления; но самый важный результат их исследований, пожалуй, тот, что они обнаружили перед нами бездну нашего невежества: без этих знаний человеческий разум никогда не мог бы представить себе всю огромность этой бездны, а размышление об этом может произвести большую перемену в определении конечных целей деятельности нашего разума.

The unremitting retention of simple and high sentiments in obscure duties is hardening the character to that temper which will work with honor, if need be in the tumult, or on the scaffold.

Das Leben kann allerdings angeſehen werden als ein Traum, und der Tod als das Erwachen. Dann aber gehört die Perſönlichkeit, das Individuum, dem träumenden und nicht dem wachen Bewußtſeyn an; weshalb denn jenem der Tod ſich als Vernichtung darſtellt.

… werden als ein Traum, und der Tod als das Erwachen.

… und nicht dem wachen Bewußtſeyn an; weshalb denn jenem der …

Если жизнь есть сон, а смерть — пробуждение, то то, что я вижу себя отделенным от всего существом, есть сновидение, от которого я надеюсь пробудиться, умирая.

… τὸ γάρ τοι θάνατον δεδιέναι, ὦ ἄνδρες, οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἢ δοκεῖν σοφὸν εἶναι μὴ ὄντα· δοκεῖν γὰρ εἰδέναι ἐστὶν ἃ οὐκ οἶδεν.

… οἶδε μὲν γὰρ οὐδεὶς τὸν θάνατον οὐδʼ εἰ τυγχάνει τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ πάντων μέγιστον ὂν τῶν ἀγαθῶν, δεδίασι δʼ ὡς εὖ εἰδότες ὅτι μέγιστον τῶν κακῶν ἐστι.

For the fear of death is indeed the pretence of wisdom, and not real wisdom, being a pretence of knowing the unknown; …

… and no one knows whether death, which men in their fear apprehend to be the greatest evil, may not be the greatest good.

Никто не знает, что такое смерть и не есть ли она величайшее для человека добро. И, однако, все ее страшатся, как бы в сознании, что она — величайшее зло.

Nous sommes si malheureux que nous ne pouvons prendre plaisir à une chose qu'à condition de nous fâcher si elle réussit mal …

… aurait trouvé le secret de se réjouir du bien sans se fâcher du mal contraire, aurait trouvé le point ; c'est le mouvement perpétuel.

We are so unfortunate that we can only take pleasure in a thing on condition of being annoyed if it turn out ill, as a thousand things can do, and do every hour.

He who should find the secret of rejoicing in the good, without troubling himself with its contrary evil, would have hit the mark. It is perpetual motion.

Люди большею частью так относятся к своим удовольствиям, что огорчаются, если теряют их. Но прав только тот человек, который умеет радоваться и вместе с тем не огорчаться, когда проходит причина его радости.

Πείρασον πῶς σοι χωρεῖ καὶ ὁ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου βίος τοῦ ἀρεσκομένου μὲν τοῖς ἐκ τῶν ὅλων ἀπονεμομένοις, ἀρκουμένου δὲ τῇ ἰδίᾳ πράξει δικαίᾳ καὶ διαθέσει εὐμενεῖ.

Try how the life of the good man suits thee, the life of him who is satisfied with his portion out of the whole, and satisfied with his own just acts and benevolent disposition.

Попробуй, может быть тебе удастся прожить, как человеку, довольному своей судьбою, приобретшему внутренний мир любовью и добрыми делами.

Impoverishment is better than luxury through another's wealth.

Not to attend at the door of the wealthy, and not to use the voice of petition, these imply the best life of a man.

वरं भिक्षाशित्वं न च परधनास्वादनसुखम्

वरं प्राणत्यागो न पुनरधमानाम् उपगमः

असेवितेश्वरद्वारम् अदृष्टविरहव्यथम् ।

अनुक्तक्लीबवचनं धन्यं कस्यापि जीवनम्

It is better to live by begging one's bread, than to gratify the mouth at the expense of others.

Fortunate is the life of that man, by whom the door of the noble hath not been attended ; …

On a bien de l'obligation à ceux qui avertissent des défauts, car ils mortifient ; ils apprennent qu'on a été méprisé, ils n'empêchent pas qu'on ne le soit à l'avenir, car on a bien d'autres défauts pour l'être. Ils préparent l'exercice de la correction et l'exemption d'un défaut.

We owe a great debt to those who point out faults. For they mortify us. They teach us that we have been despised. They do not prevent our being so in the future; for we have many other faults for which we may be despised. They prepare for us the exercise of correction and freedom from fault.

Мы должны благодарить тех, которые указывают нам наши недостатки. Хотя недостатки наши от этого указания и не пропадают, потому что их слишком много у нас, но зато, когда недостатки наши нам известны, то они начинают тревожить нашу душу, не дают совести глохнуть, и мы стараемся исправиться и освободиться от них.

It is reasonable that a man should be something worthier at the end of the year than he was at the beginning.

It is reasonable that a man should be something worthier at the end of the year than he was at the beginning.

"Wenn wir", sagtest du, "die Menschen nur nehmen, wie sie sind, so machen wir sie schlechter; wenn wir sie behandeln, als wären sie, was sie sein sollten, so bringen wir sie dahin, wohin sie zu bringen sind."

‘When we take people,’ thou wouldst say, ‘merely as they are, we make them worse: when we treat them as if they were what they should be, we improve them as far as they can be improved.’

Обращаясь с ближними так, как они того заслуживают, мы делаем их только хуже. Обращаясь же с ними так, как будто они лучше того, чтò они представляют в действительности, мы заставляем их становиться лучше.

Zwar wird freilich sich niemand rühmen können: er wisse, daß ein Gott und daß ein künftig Leben sei; denn, wenn er das weiß, so ist er gerade der Mann, den ich längst gesucht habe.

Nein, die Überzeugung ist nicht logische, sondern moralische Gewißheit, und, da sie auf subjektiven Gründen (der moralischen Gesinnung) beruht, so muß ich nicht einmal sagen: es ist moralisch gewiß, daß ein Gott sei usw., sondern, ich bin moralisch gewiß usw.

Das heißt: der Glaube an einen Gott und eine andere Welt ist mit meiner moralischen Gesinnung so verwebt, daß, so wenig ich Gefahr laufe, die erstere einzubüßen, ebensowenig besorge ich, daß mir der zweite jemals entrissen werden könne.

No one, it is true, will be able to boast that he knows that there is a God and a future life; for, if he knows this, he is just the man whom I have long wished to find.

No, my conviction is not logical, but moral certainty; and since it rests on subjective grounds (of the moral sentiment), I must not even say: It is morally certain that there is a God, etc., but: I am morally certain, that is, my belief in God and in another world is so interwoven with my moral nature that I am under as little apprehension of having the former torn from me as of losing the latter.

In proportion as our nature rises in its nobleness, does it realize its immortality.

… the veil is lifted up from the future, the darkness breaks away, and the spirit walks in dignity within the paradise of God’s eternity.

… in proportion as our nature rises in its nobleness, does it realize its immortality.

As it retires from animal grossness, from selfish meanness, from pitiable ignorance or sordid neglect, — as it opens forth into its true intellectual and moral glory, — do its doubts disperse, its affections aspire : the veil is uplifted from the future, the darkness breaks away, and the spirit walks in dignity within the paradise of God's Eternity.

Чем жизнь наша становится духовнее, тем более мы верим в бессмертие.

All I have seen teaches me to trust the Creator for all I have not seen. Whatever it be which the great Providence prepares for us, it must be something large and generous, and in the great style of his works. The future must be up to the style of our faculties,--of memory, of hope, of imagination, of reason.

Всё, чтò я видел и знаю, учит меня верить тому, чего я не видел и не знаю.

We only hear a part, and much of that we understand not ; still, though little, it is something — something great, solemn, suggestive, sanctifying, something that proves the existence of a capacity to receive.

We are in the universe like a child who enters a lecture-room when a profound philosopher is in the midst of a discourse on some great branch of science, and who leaves before the subject has concluded : his ear received a little, and all it received he understood not.

God's great discourse commenced ages before we entered the scene of knowledge, and will go on when we are in the dust.

We only hear a part, and much of that we understand not ; still though little it is something— something great, solemn, suggestive, sanctifying — something that proves the existence of a capacity to receive.

Que l'imagination ait peur des fantômes qu'elle crée, elle est excusable parce qu'elle est l'imagination.

Or la superstition de la grosseur est une duperie de l'esprit, lequel crée la notion de l'espace. Le créé n'est pas plus que le créateur, le fils n'est pas plus que le père.

Et c'est pourquoi Dieu est présent partout sans occuper un milliard de lieues cubes, ni cent fois plus ou cent fois moins.

Le temps, le nombre sont de même dans l'esprit.

When the imagination shrinks in fear from the phantoms which it creates, it may be excused because it is imagination.

Now, in the superstition of size the mind is merely the dupe of itself, for it creates the notion of space.

Space is dispersion; mind is concentration.

In the same way, time and number are contained in the mind. Man, as mind, is not their inferior, but their superior.

… on the forest floor, and endeavouring to conceal itself from my sight, and ask myself why it will cherish those humble thoughts, …

I am reminded of the greater Benefactor and Intelligence that stands over me, the human insect.

As I stand over the insect crawling amid the pine needles on the forest floor, and endeavoring to conceal itself from my sight, and ask myself why it will cherish those humble thoughts, and hide its head from me who might, perhaps, be its benefactor, and impart to its race some cheering information, I am reminded of the greater Benefactor and Intelligence that stands over me the human insect.

It is common to distinguish between the intellect and the conscience, between the power of thought and virtue, and to say that virtuous action is worth more than strong thinking. But we mutilate our nature by thus drawing lines between actions or energies of the soul, which are intimately, indissolubly bound together.

Take away thought from virtue, and what remains worthy of a man ?

Without power of thought, what we call conscientiousness, or a desire to do right, shoots out into illusion, exaggeration, pernicious excess. The most cruel deeds on earth have been perpetrated in the name of conscience. Men have hated and murdered one another from a sense of duty.

Every human action gains in honor, in grace, in all true magnificence, by its regard to things that are to come.

Каждый человеческий поступок тем почетнее, лучше и великолепнее, чем больше он делается в виду будущего.

Ein jeder Mensch hat rechtmäßigen Anspruch auf Achtung von seinen Nebenmenschen, und wechselseitig ist er dazu auch gegen jeden anderen verbunden.

Die Menschheit selbst ist eine Würde; denn der Mensch kann von keinem Menschen (weder von anderen noch sogar von sich selbst) bloß als Mittel, sondern muß jederzeit zugleich als Zweck gebraucht werden, und darin besteht eben seine Würde (die Persönlichkeit), dadurch er sich über alle anderen Weltwesen, die nicht Menschen sind und doch ‚gebraucht werden können, mithin über alle Sachen erhebt.

Gleichwie er also sich selbst für keinen Preis weggeben kann (welches der Pflicht der Selbstschätzung widerstreiten würde), …

… d.i. er ist verbunden, die Würde der Menschheit an jedem anderen Menschen praktisch anzuerkennen; …

Every man may justly pretend to be reverenced by his fellows, and he ought in turn to accord to them his.

… neither by others nor by himself, as a mere instrument, but is always to be regarded as an end ; …

And as he cannot dispose of himself for any price (which would be subversive of his own self-reverence), neither is he at liberty to derogate from the equally necessary self-reverence of others as men, …

There runs through protectionist professions of concern for labor a tone of condescending patronage more insulting to men who feel the true dignity of labor than frankly expressed contempt could be — an assumption that pauperism is the natural condition of labor, to which it must everywhere fall unless benevolently protected.

It is never intimated that the land-owner or the capitalist needs protection.

They, it is always assumed, can take care of themselves.

The protection of the masses has in all times been the pretense of tyranny — the plea of monarchy, of aristocracy, of special privilege of every kind.

But, whether under a monarchy or under a republic, is there an instance in the history of the world in which the " protection " of the laboring masses has not meant their oppression ?

The protection that those who have got the law-making power into their hands have given to labor, has at best always been the protection that man gives to cattle — he protects them that he may use and eat them.

Les sciences ont deux extrémités qui se touchent ; la première est la pure ignorance naturelle où se trouvent tous les hommes en naissant, l'autre extrémité est celle où arrivent les grandes âmes, qui, ayant parcouru tout ce que les hommes peuvent savoir, trouvent qu'ils ne savent rien et se rencontrent en cette même ignorance d'où ils étaient partis …

… ont quelque teinture de cette science suffisante …

… et font les entendus ; ceux-là troublent le monde, et jugent mal de tout. Le peuple et les habiles composent le train du monde ; ceux-là le méprisent et sont méprisés.

The world is a good judge of things, for it is in natural ignorance, which is man's true state.

Those between the two, who have departed from natural ignorance and not been able to reach the other, have some smattering of this vain knowledge, and pretend to be wise. These trouble the world, and are bad judges of everything.

Неведение человека бывает двоякое: одно неведение есть чистое, природное неведение, в котором люди рождаются; другое неведение, так сказать, неведение истинно мудрого.

Das methodische Geschwätz der hohen Schulen ist oftmals nur ein Einverständnis, durch veränderliche Wortbedeutungen einer schwer zu lösenden Frage auszuweichen, weil das bequeme und mehrenteils vernünftige: ich weiß nicht, auf Akademien nicht leichtlich gehört wird.

The methodical talk of learned institutions is often simply an agreement to beg a question which is difficult to solve, by the variable meaning of words. For we seldom hear at academies the comfortable and ofttimes reasonable " I do not know."

Методическая болтовня высших училищ зачастую есть только общее соглашение уклоняться от решения трудно разрешимых вопросов, придавая словам изменчивый смысл, потому что удобное и большей частью разумное «не знаю» неохотно выслушивается в академиях.

Humility, like darkness, reveals the heavenly lights.

Humility like darkness reveals the heavenly lights. The shadows of poverty and meanness gather around us, “and lo! creation widens to our view.”

A fever, a mutilation, a cruel disappointment, a loss of wealth, a loss of friends, seems at the moment unpaid loss, and unpayable. But the sure years reveal the deep remedial force that underlies all facts.

And truly it demands something godlike in him who has cast off the common motives of humanity and has ventured to trust himself for a taskmaster. High be his heart, faithful his will, clear his sight, that he may in good earnest be doctrine, society, law, to himself, that a simple purpose may be to him as strong as iron necessity is to others!

Quanquam omnia alia incerta sunt, caduca, mobilia: …

… virtue alone is fixed with deep roots; it can neither be destroyed by any violence or moved from its place.

Nam cum alia omnia falsa, incerta sint, caduca, mobilia, virtus est una altissimis defixa radicibus; quae numquam vi ulla labefactari potest, numquam demoveri loco.

Although all other things are uncertain, fleeting, transitory; virtue alone is planted firm with very deep roots; it can not be undermined by any violence; it can never be moved from its position.

Alors, saisi de respect, il s'arrête et ne touche point au voile, content de savoir que l'Etre immense est dessous.

Tous les peuples de la terre connoissent et adorent Dieu, et, quoique chacun l'habille à sa mode, sous tous ces vétemens divers on trouve pourtant toujours Dieu.

Il peut arriver, j'en conviens, que le torrent de la mode et le jeu de l'intrigue étendent la secte philosophique, et persuadent un moment à la multitude qu'elle ne croit plus en Dieu; mais cette mode passagère ne peut durer, et comme qu'on s'y prenne il faudra toujours à la longue un Dieu à l'homme.

La raison prend à la longue le pli que le cœur lui donne …

Der Glaube an einen Gott iſt Sue ſtinct, er iſt dem Menſchen naturlich, …

… wie das Gehen auf zwey Beinen; …

… aber in der Regel iſt er da, und iſt zur innern Wohlgeſtalt …

… des Erkenntnißvermoͤgens unentbehrlich.

Человеку так же нельзя не верить в бога, как нельзя не ходить на двух ногах; вера эта может у людей меняться, может и вовсе заглохнуть, но без этой веры человек не может понимать самого себя.

Das arkadische Schäferleben und unser geliebtes Hofleben ist beides abgeschmackt und unnatürlich, obzwar anlockend. Denn niemals kann wahres Vergnügen da stattfinden, wo man es zur Beschäftigung macht. Die Erholungen von einer Beschäftigung, die selten, aber kurz und ohne Zurüstung sind, sind allein dauerhaft und von echtem Geschmacke.

Жизнь аркадских пастушков и наша возлюбленная придворная жизнь обе нелепы и неестественны, хотя и привлекательны. Ибо никогда не может быть истинного удовольствия там, где удовольствия превращаются в занятия. Только отдохновения от занятия, редкие и краткие и без подготовки, бывают прочны и отличаются истинным вкусом.

Что говорю вам в темноте, говорите при свете; и что на ухо слышите, проповедуйте на кровлях.

И не бойтесь убивающих тело, души́ же не могущих убить; а бойтесь более Того, Кто может и душу и тело погубить в геенне.