6Juneиюня · 6-е июня
Зло, совершенное человеком, не только лишает человека его истинного блага, умаляя его душу, но часто возвращается и в этом мире на совершившего его.
The evil that people do not only deprives them of their true good, diminishing their souls, but often returns, in this world as well, upon those who did it.
1. Зло в этом мире не тотчас дает плоды, но, как земля, понемногу и в свое время. И плоды эти ужасны.
1. Evil in this world does not bear fruit at once, but, like the earth, little by little and in its own time. And these fruits are terrible.
From Manusmṛti · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changedConway’s “it eradicates the man who committed it” (Bühler: “it cuts off the roots of him who committed it”) becomes “And these fruits are terrible”: the doer’s ruin drops out.
What Tolstoy read · The Sacred AnthologyIniquity, committed in this world, produces not …
… fruit immediately, but, like the earth, in due season, …
… and advancing by little and little, it eradicates the man who committed it.
Source text: archive.orgOriginal · Sanskritनाधर्मश्चरितो लोके सद्यः फलति गौरिव
शनैरावर्त्तमानस्तु कर्तुर्मूलानि कृन्तति
Source text: sa.wikisource.orgIn English · G. Bühler (SBE 25), 1886Unrighteousness, practised in this world, does not at once produce its fruit, like a cow ; but, advancing slowly, it cuts off the roots of him who committed it.
… in its other sense, ' the earth/ i. e. ' which does not at once yield a harvest,'
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Manusmṛti, IV.172; Conway (1874), no. DCCX, Justice, p. 448.
Conway's English, shortened and changed at the end. Conway: 'Iniquity, committed in this world, produces not fruit immediately, but, like the earth, in due season, and advancing by little and little, it eradicates the man who committed it.' Tolstoy keeps the first half, «Зло в этом мире не тотчас дает плоды, но, как земля, понемногу и в свое время» (evil in this world does not bear fruit at once, but, like the earth, little by little and in its season), and puts in place of 'it eradicates the man who committed it' a sentence of his own, «И плоды эти ужасны» (and these fruits are terrible). 'Like the earth' renders the Sanskrit gauḥ, which means both cow and earth: Bühler translates 'like a cow' and notes that most commentators take it in 'the earth', 'which does not at once yield a harvest.' The Sanskrit: 'unrighteousness practised in the world does not bear fruit at once, like a cow (or the earth); turning slowly, it cuts the roots of the doer.' Tolstoy took three of June 6's entries from the same pages of Conway's chapter 'Sanctions' (6-6.3, 6-6.4). Not in Thoughts of Wise Men (1903).
2. Не делать зла даже врагам — в этом главная добродетель.
Наверное погибает тот, кто обдумывает погибель другого.
Не делай зла. Бедность не может служить оправданием зла. Если будешь делать зло, станешь еще беднее.
Люди могут избежать последствий злобы своих врагов, но никогда не избегнут последствий своих грехов. Эта тень их будет следовать по пятам их до тех пор, пока не погубит их.
Пусть не делает зла другому тот, кто не хочет того, чтобы печали преследовали его.
Если человек любит себя, пусть он не делает зла, как бы мало оно ни было.
2. Not to do evil even to one’s enemies — in this lies the chief virtue.
He who meditates the ruin of another surely perishes.
Do no evil. Poverty cannot serve as an excuse for evil. If you do evil, you will become poorer still.
People can escape the consequences of their enemies’ malice, but they will never escape the consequences of their own sins. This shadow of theirs will follow at their heels until it destroys them.
Let him who does not want sorrows to pursue him do no evil to another.
If a man loves himself, let him do no evil, however small it may be.
From Tirukkural · joined by Tolstoy from several places .
Original · Tamilஅறிவினுள் எல்லாந் தலையென்ப தீய செறுவார்க்கும் செய்யா விடல்.
இலன்என்று தீயவை செய்யற்க செய்யின் இலனாகும் மற்றும் பெயர்த்து.
எனைப்பகை யுற்றாரும் உய்வர் வினைப்பகை வீயாது பின்சென்று அடும்.
தீயவை செய்தார் கெடுதல் நிழல்தன்னை வீயாது அடிஉறைந் தற்று.
Source text: ta.wikisource.orgIn English · W. H. Drew (1840) and John Lazarus, 1885203. To do no evil even to enemies will be called the chief of all virtues.
205. Commit not evil, saying, “I am poor:” if you do, you will become poorer still.
However great be the enmity men have incurred they may still live. The enmity of sin will incessantly pursue and kill.
208. Destruction will dwell at the heels of those who commit evil even as their shadow that leaves them not.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Tirukkural, ch. 21 (Dread of Evil Deeds), couplets 203-209.
Seven couplets of the Kural's chapter on the dread of evil deeds, in Drew's English of the 1885 Madras edition (which gave November's and May's Kural), rearranged and partly reworded. Line 1 is 203, close ('To do no evil even to enemies will be called the chief of all virtues'). Line 2 is 204, condensed: 'Even through forgetfulness meditate not the ruin of another. Virtue will meditate the ruin of him who thus meditates' becomes «Наверное погибает тот, кто обдумывает погибель другого» (surely he perishes who plots the ruin of another). Line 3 is 205 with a sentence added: 'Commit not evil, saying, "I am poor": if you do, you will become poorer still' becomes «Не делай зла. Бедность не может служить оправданием зла. Если будешь делать зло, станешь еще беднее» (do no evil; poverty cannot excuse evil; if you do evil you will become poorer still). Line 4 joins 207 and 208: 'However great be the enmity men have incurred they may still live. The enmity of sin will incessantly pursue and kill' and 'Destruction will dwell at the heels of those who commit evil even as their shadow that leaves them not' become «Люди могут избежать последствий злобы своих врагов, но никогда не избегнут последствий своих грехов. Эта тень их будет следовать по пятам их до тех пор, пока не погубит их» (men can escape the consequences of their enemies' malice, but never the consequences of their sins; this shadow will follow at their heels until it destroys them). Line 5 is 206, placed after 207-208 ('Let him not do evil to others who desires not that sorrows should pursue him'), and line 6 is 209 ('If a man love himself, let him not commit any sin however small'; the scan misreads its first words). Not in Conway or in Thoughts of Wise Men (1903).
3. Как верно то, что камень, брошенный кверху, не остается там, но возвращается на землю, так же верно и то, что, смотря по добрым или злым делам твоим, будет отмерено тебе исполнение желаний твоего сердца, в каком бы виде и в какой бы мир ты ни вступил.
3. As surely as a stone thrown upward does not stay there but returns to the earth, so surely, according to your good or evil deeds, will the fulfillment of your heart’s desires be measured out to you, in whatever form and into whatever world you may enter.
From The Sacred Anthology · close to the original .
What Tolstoy read · The Sacred AnthologyAs surely as the pebble cast heavenward abides not there, but returns to the earth ; so, proportionate to thy …
… deed, good or ill, will the desire of thy heart be meted out to thee in whatever form or world thou shalt enter.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. The Sacred Anthology (1874), no. DCLXXI, Cause and Effect, p. 425.
Conway's English, close: 'As surely as the pebble cast heavenward abides not there, but returns to the earth; so, proportionate to thy deed, good or ill, will the desire of thy heart be meted out to thee in whatever form or world thou shalt enter.' The pebble becomes «камень» (a stone). Conway names no text for it; his sources for the Singhalese passages include Gogerly's papers in The Friend (Colombo, 1839), Upham's Sacred and Historical Books of Ceylon (1833), and Steele's Kusa Jatakaya (1871). The Pali or Sinhalese original was not found. Not in Thoughts of Wise Men (1903).
4. Злой человек счастлив, пока сделанное им зло не созрело; но когда оно созрело, тогда злой человек познает зло. Зло возвращается на того, кто его сделал, так же как пыль, брошенная против ветра.
Ни на небе, ни в море, ни в глубине гор, нет во всем мире места, в котором человек мог бы освободиться от злого дела.
4. The evil man is happy until the evil he has done has ripened; but when it has ripened, then the evil man comes to know evil. Evil returns upon the one who did it, like dust thrown against the wind.
Neither in the sky, nor in the sea, nor in the depths of the mountains is there a place in all the world where a man could free himself from an evil deed.
From Dhammapada · joined by Tolstoy from several places .
What Tolstoy read · The Sacred AnthologyEven an evil-doer sees happiness as long as his evil deed has not ripened ; but when his evil deed has ripened, then does the evil-doer see evil.
… person, the evil falls back upon that fool like light dust thrown up against the wind.
… we enter into the clefts of the mountains, is there known a spot in the whole world where a man might be freed from an evil deed.
Source text: archive.orgOriginal · PaliPāpopi passati bhadraṁ, …
Atha pāpo pāpāni passati.
Sukhumo rajo paṭivātaṁva khitto.
Na antalikkhe na samuddamajjhe, …
Source text: raw.githubusercontent.comIn English · F. Max Müller, 1881119. Even an evil-doer sees happiness as long as his evil deed has not ripened; but when his evil deed has ripened, then does the evil-doer see evil.
125. If a man offend a harmless, pure, and innocent person, the evil falls back upon that fool, like light dust thrown up against the wind.
127. Not in the sky, not in the midst of the sea, not if we enter into the clefts of the mountains, is there known a spot in the whole world where a man might be freed from an evil deed.
Source text: gutenberg.orgTolstoy’s own version · Мысли мудрых людей на каждый деньТворящий злое благоденствует, пока не созрел плод его злых деяний; но когда вызреет этот плод, тогда въявь увидит всё зло свое творящий беззаконие.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Dhammapada, vv. 119, 125, 127 (Pāpavagga); Conway (1874), no. DCCIX, Evil, pp. 447-448.
Three verses as Conway prints them in his section 'Evil' (Max Müller's translation): 119, part of 125, and 127. Verse 119 is close: 'Even an evil-doer sees happiness as long as his evil deed has not ripened; but when his evil deed has ripened, then does the evil-doer see evil' («Злой человек счастлив, пока сделанное им зло не созрело; но когда оно созрело, тогда злой человек познает зло»). Of 125, 'If a man offend a harmless, pure, and innocent person, the evil falls back upon that fool, like light dust thrown up against the wind', Tolstoy drops the innocent victim and keeps a general law: «Зло возвращается на того, кто его сделал, так же как пыль, брошенная против ветра» (evil returns upon the one who did it, like dust thrown against the wind). Verse 127 is close. Conway's section also has 121 and 124, which Tolstoy leaves out. Thoughts of Wise Men (1903), 12 August, gives 119-120 in other words.
Translation note. The Russian italic is broken only at the commas and the semicolon; it is set here as one span.
5. Обдумывающий месть поддерживает свои раны. Они бы зажили, если бы он этого не делал.
5. He who meditates revenge keeps his wounds open. They would heal if he did not.
From Of Revenge, in The Essays or Counsels, Civil and Moral · close to the original .
What Tolstoy read · The Message of Man: A Book of Ethical Scriptures, gathered by Stanton CoitA man that studieth revenge keeps his own wounds green, which otherwise would heal and do well.
Source text: archive.orgBacon’s own wordsThis is certain, that a man that studieth revenge, keeps his own wounds green, which otherwise would heal, and do well.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Of Revenge, in The Essays or Counsels, Civil and Moral (1625), Essay IV, its third paragraph.
A close translation of Bacon's sentence, made two: 'a man that studieth revenge keeps his own wounds green' becomes 'He who ponders revenge keeps his wounds open' (поддерживает свои раны), and 'which otherwise would heal, and do well' becomes 'They would heal if he did not do this'; 'and do well' is not translated. Coit's The Message of Man (1902), one of Tolstoy's anthologies, prints the sentence alone, without Bacon's 'This is certain, that', as verse 6 of its chapter 'Return Good for Evil' (What Tolstoy read); March's Bacon came from the same book. No printable, for the words left out.
Делать зло так же опасно, как дразнить дикого зверя.
Большей частью в этом мире и в самой грубой форме зло возвращается на того, кто его сделал.
Doing evil is as dangerous as teasing a wild beast.
For the most part it is in this world, and in the crudest form, that evil returns upon the one who did it.
Tolstoy TodayТолстой сегодня · tolstoytoday.org/june/6