13Januaryянваря · 13-е января
Вера есть понимание смысла жизни и признание вытекающих из этого понимания обязанностей.
Faith is the understanding of the meaning of life and the acknowledgment of the duties that follow from this understanding.
1. Кто добрый человек? — Добр только верующий человек. — Но что такое вера? — Это согласие своей воли с совестью, с всемирным разумом.
1. Who is a good man? — Only the man who has faith is good. — But what is faith? — It is the agreement of one’s will with conscience, with universal reason.
From Sutra of Forty-two Sections · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changed“The religious man only is good” becomes “only the man who has faith is good”; goodness becomes faith, the agreement of the will with conscience, “with universal reason.”
What Tolstoy read · Moncure D. Conway, The Sacred AnthologyBuddha said, ' Who is the good man ? The religious …
… foremost, it is the agreement of the will with the con science (reason).
Source text: archive.orgIn English · Samuel Beal, 187113. Buddha said: Who is the good man ? The religious man only is good. And what is goodness? First and foremost it is the agreement of the will with the conscience (Eeason) .
Source text: archive.orgTolstoy’s own version · Tolstoy's unfinished popular version of the Circle, JanuaryКто добрый человек? Добр только религиозный человек. Но что такое доброта? Прежде и важнее всего это согласие воли с совестью.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Sutra of Forty-two Sections (Sishi'erzhang jing); Samuel Beal, A Catena of Buddhist Scriptures from the Chinese (London, 1871); reprinted by Conway, Beal's section 13 (Catena p. 196); Conway (1874) no. LXXI 'Goodness', marked 'Budh. Catena'.
Beal (and Conway after him): 'Who is the good man? The religious man only is good. And what is goodness? First and foremost it is the agreement of the will with the conscience (Reason).' The popular version keeps this; the Circle turns 'religious' into 'believing' and the second question into 'what is faith?', and Beal's '(Reason)' into 'universal reason'. The Chinese has 'What is good? Only practising the Way is good. What is greatest? The will in accord with the Way is great': Beal moved the 'agreement of the will with the Way' to the question of goodness and rendered 道 as 'conscience (Reason)'.
2. Дело веры не в том только, чтобы сделать человека хорошим. Вера хорошего человека поднимает его на такую высоту, с которой ему всё легко и радостно.
2. The task of faith is not only to make a man good. The faith of a good man raises him to such a height that from there everything is easy and joyful for him.
From Briefe, die neueste Litteratur betreffend, part III · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changedReligion, which presupposes the upright man and raises him to “higher insights,” becomes faith whose task is “not only to make a man good,” raising him to a height from which “everything is easy and joyful.”
Original · GermanDie Religion hat weit höhere Abſichten, als den recht— ſchafnen? Mann zu bilden. Sie ſetzt ihn voraus; und ihr Haupt⸗ zweck iſt, den rechtſchafnen? Mann zu höhern Einſichten zu er-
Source text: archive.orgTolstoy’s own version · Tolstoy's unfinished popular version of the CircleРелигия имеет более высокие цели, чем образование хорошего человека. Она предполагает, что он уже есть, и главная цель ее в том, чтобы поднять этого хорошего человека на высшую степень понимания.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Briefe, die neueste Litteratur betreffend, part III (1759), Letter 49 (on the Nordischer Aufseher), Lessing, Sämtliche Schriften, ed. Lachmann-Muncker, vol. VIII (1892), p. 130.
Lessing, answering the Nordischer Aufseher's claim that no one who is not a Christian can be an honest man: religion has far higher aims than to form the upright man; it presupposes him, and its chief purpose is to raise the upright man to higher insights. Tolstoy's unfinished popular version of the Circle (Jubilee vol. 42) gives this closely, signed «Лессинг», and led to the source. In the Circle he signs it "after Lessing" and changes it: the work of faith is "not only" to make a man good, and the good man's faith lifts him to a height "from which all is easy and joyful for him", where Lessing has "higher insights". The "?" after "rechtſchafnen" is the scan's reading of the editor's note mark; his apparatus records "rechtschaffenen" in another 1759 printing. No public-domain English of the letter was found.
3. Одно необходимо: отдаться богу. Будь сам в порядке и предоставь богу распутывать моток мира и его судеб. Пусть будет уничтожение или бессмертие. То, чтó должно быть, — будет. То, чтó будет, — будет благом. Чтобы совершить путь жизни, для человека ничего не нужно, кроме веры в добро.
3. One thing is needful: to give oneself up to God. Keep yourself in order, and leave it to God to untangle the skein of the world and its destinies. Let there be annihilation or immortality. What must be, will be. What will be, will be good. To make the journey of life, a man needs nothing but faith in the good.
From Fragments d'un journal intime · close to the original .
Original · FrenchUne seule chose est nécessaire : l'abandon à Dieu. Sois dans l'ordre toi-même et laisse à Dieu le soin de débrouiller l'écheveau du monde et des destinées. Qu'importent le néant ou l'immortalité? Ce qui doit être, sera. Ce qui sera, sera bien. La foi au bien, peut-être ne faut-il pas davantage à l'individu pour traverser la vie.
Source text: archive.orgIn English · Mrs. Humphry Ward, 1885One thing only is necessary--the committal of the soul to God. Look that thou thyself art in order, and leave to God the task of unraveling the skein of the world and of destiny. What do annihilation or immortality matter? What is to be, will be. And what will be, will be for the best. Faith in good--perhaps the individual wants nothing more for his passage through life.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Fragments d'un journal intime, Journal, 24 avril 1869 (7th ed., tome II, p. 53); Ward's translation, April 24, 1869.
Close to the French, sentence by sentence. 'What do annihilation or immortality matter?' becomes 'Let it be annihilation or immortality'; Amiel's hedge 'perhaps' is dropped, so 'faith in good is perhaps all the individual needs to cross life' becomes 'nothing is needed but faith in good'; the next sentence (one must side with Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Zeno against materialism) is left out. The Jubilee list of Tolstoy's sources names M. L. Tolstaya's Russian «Из дневника Амиеля» (Посредник, 1901), not found online.
4. Есть двоякий покой. Есть покой отрицательный; это — отсутствие шума, грызущих забот, это — спокойствие после борьбы, после бурь. Но есть другой, более совершенный покой души, которому этот первый покой только предшествует, — то божественное спокойствие, которое всё понимает, истинное название которого — «царство божие внутри нас». К этому покою души принадлежит то спокойствие, которое дает нам религия. Это сознательное единение с богом и миром, союз любви со всеми существами, любовь ко всему чистому и невинному, уменье жертвовать своими желаниями и интересами, участие в духе и жизни вселенной, полное согласие своей воли с ее бесконечным источником. В этом истинное спокойствие и счастие человека.
4. There is a twofold peace. There is a negative peace; it is the absence of noise, of gnawing cares; it is tranquility after struggle, after storms. But there is another, more perfect peace of the soul, which this first peace only precedes — that divine tranquility which understands all things, whose true name is “the kingdom of God within us.” To this peace of the soul belongs the tranquility that religion gives us. It is a conscious union with God and the world, a bond of love with all beings, a love of all that is pure and innocent, the ability to sacrifice one’s own desires and interests, a share in the spirit and life of the universe, the complete agreement of one’s will with its infinite source. In this lies the true tranquility and happiness of man.
From Remarks on the Character and Writings of Fénelon · shortened by Tolstoy .
Channing’s own wordsThere is a twofold peace. I'he first is negative. It is relief from disquiet and corroding care. It is repose after conflict and storms. But there is another and a higher peace, to which this is but the prelude, " a peace of God which passeth all understanding," and properly called " the kingdom cf heaven within us."
Of this character is the peace of religion. It is a conscious harmony with God and the creation, an alliance of love with all beings, a sympathy with all that is pure and happy, a surrender of every separate will and interest, a participation of the spirit and life of the universe, an entire concord of purpose with its Infinite Original. This is peace, and the true happiness of man ; …
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Remarks on the Character and Writings of Fénelon (Christian Examiner, 1829), in The Complete Works of W. E. Channing (London: Christian Life Publishing Co., 1884), Late in the essay, on the word Fénelon most uses for the happiness of loving God: 'The word which Fénelon has most frequently used ... is "peace"'.
Two stretches of one paragraph; Tolstoy leaves out the six sentences between them (the higher peace as 'the highest and most strenuous action of the soul', 'as the concord of all melodious sounds'). One clause changes in sense: 'a peace of God which passeth all understanding' becomes 'that divine calm which understands all'. Otherwise close: 'the kingdom of heaven within us' becomes 'the kingdom of God within us'; 'a sympathy with all that is pure and happy' becomes 'love for all that is pure and innocent'; 'a surrender of every separate will and interest' becomes 'the ability to sacrifice one's desires and interests'; 'an entire concord of purpose with its Infinite Original' becomes 'the full agreement of one's will with its infinite source'.
Translation note. Two words of the Russian are kept apart: «покой», “peace”, and «спокойствие», “tranquility”. “The kingdom of God within us”: compare Luke 17:21 (KJV: “the kingdom of God is within you”).
5. Говорят, что в последний день будет общий суд и что добрый бог будет гневаться. Но от благого бога не может произойти ничего, кроме добра. Не бойся: конец будет полон радости. Какие бы ни были на свете веры, истинная вера только одна та, что бог есть любовь. А от любви не может быть ничего, кроме добра.
5. They say that on the last day there will be a general judgment and that the kind God will be angry. But from a good God nothing can come but good. Do not fear: the end will be full of joy. Whatever faiths there may be in the world, the one true faith is that God is love. And from love there can be nothing but good.
From Quatrains ascribed to Omar Khayyam, in J.-B. Nicolas's French · reworded by Tolstoy .
Not in Leo Tolstoy as EditorThe quatrains reached Tolstoy through Nicolas’s French and Conway’s English; the Persian was not checked, and their ascription to Khayyam is Nicolas’s.
What Tolstoy read · Moncure D. Conway, The Sacred AnthologyThey say that on the last day there will be settle ments, and that the dear God will give himself up to wrath. But from goodness itself only good can eman ate. Fear not ; the end shall be full of sweetness.
Diversity of worship has divided the human race into seventy-two nations. From among all their dog mas I have selected one, — Divine Love.
Source text: archive.orgWhat Tolstoy read · J.-B. Nicolas, Les quatrains de Khèyam, traduits du persanOn dit qu'au jour dernier il y aura des pourparlers, et que cet ami chéri (Dieu) se mettra en colère …
Mais de la bonté même il ne peut émaner que le bien. Sois donc sans crainte, car à la fin tu le verras plein de douceur.
La diversité des cultes divise le genre humain en soixante et douze nations environ. Au milieu de tous ces dogmes, j'ai choisi celui de ton amour.
Source text: archive.orgTolstoy’s own version · Tolstoy's unfinished popular version of the Circle, JanuaryГоворят, что в последний день будет общий суд, и что добрый бог будет гневаться. Но от самой доброты не может произойти ничего, кроме добра. Не бойся: конец будет полон радости. Различие вер разделило человечество на семьдесят два народа, — из всех их догматов я избрал один: божественную любовь.
Персидская Кейям.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Quatrains ascribed to Omar Khayyam, in J.-B. Nicolas's French (1867), via Conway's Sacred Anthology, Nicolas nos. 178 and 248; Conway (1874) no. CXII 'The Living Deity'.
Two quatrains Conway prints one after the other. The first is translated closely ('settlements' becomes 'a general judgment', 'the dear God' 'the good God', 'goodness itself' 'the good God', 'sweetness' 'joy'). The second is rewritten: Conway's 'Diversity of worship has divided the human race into seventy-two nations; from among all their dogmas I have selected one, Divine Love' (as the popular version still has it) becomes 'whatever faiths there are, the true faith is only that God is love; and from love nothing but good can come', echoing 1 John 4:8. The popular version signs it Khayyam. The Persian text was not checked, and the quatrains' ascription to Khayyam is Nicolas's.
Translation note. Tolstoy has «добрый бог», “the kind God”, in what people say, and «благой бог», “a good God”, in the answer.
6. Люди спрашивают: что будет после смерти? На это надо отвечать так: если ты точно не языком, а сердцем говоришь: да будет воля твоя как на земле, так и на небе, т. е. как во временной этой жизни, так и в вечной, то тебе нечего и думать о том, что будет после смерти. Отдайся в волю бесконечного существа, благословляя ее; ты знаешь, что она есть любовь, — так чего же тебе бояться?
Христос, умирая, сказал: «Отец! в руки твои отдаю дух мой». Если кто говорит эти слова не одним языком, а всем сердцем, то такому человеку ничего больше не нужно.
Если дух мой возвращается к отцу, то для него ничего, кроме самого лучшего, быть не может.
6. People ask: what will there be after death? To this the answer must be: if you truly say, not with your tongue but with your heart, “Thy will be done, as on earth, so in heaven,” that is, as in this temporal life, so in the eternal, then you need not even think about what will be after death. Give yourself up to the will of the infinite being, blessing it; you know that it is love — so what have you to fear?
As he was dying, Christ said: “Father! Into thy hands I give my spirit.” If someone says these words not with the tongue alone but with the whole heart, then such a person needs nothing more.
If my spirit returns to the Father, then there can be nothing for it but the very best.
Translation note. Tolstoy’s wording of the Lord’s Prayer (Matthew 6:10), “as on earth, so in heaven”, which his gloss follows; the KJV has “Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.” Christ’s words on the cross are Luke 23:46 (KJV: “Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit”).
7. Чтобы иметь истинную веру, надо воспитывать ее в себе. А чтобы воспитывать, надо творить дела веры.
Сущность же дел веры не в великих подвигах, а в делах незаметных, ничтожных, но творимых исключительно для бога.
«Умирать придется одному», сказал Паскаль. И жизнь истинная — только та, когда живешь один, перед богом, а не перед людьми.
7. To have true faith, you must cultivate it in yourself. And to cultivate it, you must do the works of faith.
But the essence of the works of faith lies not in great deeds but in works unnoticed and trifling, yet done solely for God.
“One will have to die alone,” said Pascal. And true life is only the life you live alone, before God, and not before people.
Не думайте, что можно найти душевный мир без веры.
Do not think that peace of soul can be found without faith.
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