14Februaryфевраля · 14-е февраля
В человеке живет дух божий.
The spirit of God lives in us.
1. Если кто не родится свыше, не может увидеть царствия божия.
1. If anyone is not born from above, he cannot see the kingdom of God.
From John · close to the original .
The Russian Bible (Synodal translation)… если кто не родится свыше, не может увидеть Царствия Божия.
Source text: ru.wikisource.orgIn English · King James Version, 1611Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. John, 3:3.
The Synodal text of the saying, without its introduction ("Jesus answered him: verily, verily I say to you").
Translation note. Tolstoy’s wording; the KJV has “Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.” Tolstoy’s «свыше» is “from above”.
2. Разум может проясняться только в добром человеке. Человек может быть добрым, только когда в нем прояснен разум. Для доброй жизни нужен свет разума, для света разума нужна добрая жизнь. Одно помогает другому. И потому, если разум не помогает доброй жизни, это не настоящий разум. И если жизнь не помогает разуму, то это не добрая жизнь.
2. Reason can grow clear only in a good man. A man can be good only when reason has grown clear in him. For a good life the light of reason is needed; for the light of reason a good life is needed. The one helps the other. And so, if reason does not help a good life, it is not real reason. And if life does not help reason, it is not a good life.
From Zhongyong · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changedThe chapter’s mutual dependence of reason and a good life is kept, and the last three sentences are added: “The one helps the other,” and each that does not help the other is not real.
What Tolstoy read · G. Pauthier, Confucius et Mencius: Les quatre livres de philosophie morale et politique …La perfection morale suppose la haute lumière de l'intelligence; la haute lumière de l'intelligence suppose la perfection morale.
Source text: gutenberg.orgIn English · James Legge, 1893'When we have intelligence resulting from sincerity, this condition is to be ascribed to nature; when we have sincerity resulting from intelligence, this condition is to be ascribed to instruction. But given the sincerity, and there shall be the intelligence; given the intelligence, and there shall be the sincerity …
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Zhongyong (Doctrine of the Mean), ch. 21.
Pauthier's 'perfection morale' becomes 'добрая жизнь' and 'la haute lumière de l'intelligence' 'свет разума'. The mutual dependence is the chapter's; the last three sentences ('Одно помогает другому ...') are Tolstoy's own.
3. Купец, женившись на царевне, построил ей дворец, накупил ей дорогих нарядов, приставил к ней сотни слуг, всячески стараясь веселить ее. Но царевна скучала и всё думала о своей царской породе. Так и душа в человеке. Окружи ее человек всеми земными удовольствиями, она скучает по своему дому, по тому началу — богу, от которого она вышла.
3. A merchant who had married a princess built her a palace, bought her a great many costly clothes, and set hundreds of servants about her, trying in every way to amuse her. But the princess pined and kept thinking of her royal blood. So it is with the soul in man. Let a man surround it with every earthly pleasure, and still it pines for its home, for that principle — God — from which it came.
From Kohelet Rabbah · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changedThe townsman becomes a merchant with a palace, clothes, and servants, and the soul that is “from the upper ones” pines “for that principle — God — from which it came.”
Original · Hebrewמָשָׁל לְמָה הַדָּבָר דּוֹמֶה לְעִירוֹנִי שֶׁנָּשָׂא בַּת מְלָכִים, אִם יָבִיא לָהּ כָּל מַה שֶּׁבָּעוֹלָם אֵינָן חֲשׁוּבִין לָהּ כְּלוּם, לָמָּה, שֶׁהִיא בַּת מֶלֶךְ.
כָּךְ הַנֶּפֶשׁ אִלּוּ הֵבֵאתָ לָהּ כָּל מַעֲדַנֵּי עוֹלָם אֵינָם כְּלוּם לָהּ, לָמָּה, שֶׁהִיא מִן הָעֶלְיוֹנִים.
Source text: sefaria.orgTolstoy’s own version · Мысли мудрых людей на каждый деньГорожанин, женившись на царевне, обставил ее блеском и славой, но напрасно: всё ей казалось мелочным, не стоящим внимания, так как она вечно помышляла о своем высоком происхождении.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Kohelet Rabbah, 6:7.
The parable on 'and yet the soul is not filled' (Eccl. 6:7) is in the Midrash, not the Talmud. The midrash's townsman (Thoughts of Wise Men, 1903: 'Горожанин') becomes a merchant, and Tolstoy adds the palace, the dresses, the hundred servants, and the princess's boredom; the midrash's soul is 'from the upper ones', Tolstoy's longs for 'по тому началу — богу, от которого она вышла'.
4. Хотя люди не знают, что такое добро, но они имеют его в себе.
4. Though people do not know what the good is, they have it within them.
Probably from Mencius · reworded by Tolstoy .
Not in Leo Tolstoy as EditorSigned Confucius in Thoughts of Wise Men; the source is probably Mencius VII.A.5 or the Zhongyong, and the French Tolstoy read was not found.
Tolstoy’s own version · Мысли мудрых людей на каждый деньХотя люди не знают, что такое добро, но они имеют его в себе.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
A likely source, not certain. Mencius, VII.A.5.
Thoughts of Wise Men (1903) has the line, signed Конфуций. A probable source is Mencius VII.A.5 ('they practise it without understanding it ... all their lives they follow it without knowing the way'); Zhongyong 12 ('the simplest men and women can practise it') is the other possibility. The French Tolstoy read has not been found for either.
5. Жил в древности в Риме мудрец Сенека. Он не знал Христа и его учения, но понимал жизнь так же, как Христос. Вот что он писал своему другу: «Ты хорошо делаешь, любезный Люцилий (так звали друга), что стараешься сам своими силами держать себя в хорошем и добром духе. Всякий человек всегда может сам себя так настроить. Для этого не нужно подымать руки к небу или просить сторожа при храме, чтоб он пустил нас поближе к богу, чтобы он нас лучше расслышал: бог всегда близко к тебе, он внутри тебя. Да, милый Люцилий, я утверждаю, что в нас святой дух, свидетель и страж всего хорошего и дурного. Он обходится с нами, как мы обходимся с ним. Если мы бережем его, он бережет нас.
В каждом добром человеке живет бог».
5. In ancient times there lived in Rome a sage, Seneca. He did not know Christ or his teaching, but he understood life just as Christ did. Here is what he wrote to his friend: “You do well, my good Lucilius (that was the friend’s name), to try by your own strength to keep yourself in a good and kindly spirit. Every man can always attune himself so. For this there is no need to raise your hands to heaven or to beg the temple keeper to let us closer to God, so that God may hear us better: God is always near you, he is within you. Yes, dear Lucilius, I affirm that there is a holy spirit within us, the witness and guardian of everything good and bad. It deals with us as we deal with it. If we guard it, it guards us.
“God lives in every good man.”
Translation note. Tolstoy retells Seneca’s forty-first letter to Lucilius. In Seneca’s words “man” is kept, as in every author Tolstoy quotes.
6. Так же, как ты не видишь души человека, ты не видишь бога, но ты познаешь его в его творениях. Так же не можешь ты не признать божественную силу души, проявляющуюся в ее вечном стремлении к совершенству.
6. Just as you do not see a man’s soul, you do not see God, but you know him in his works. In the same way you cannot fail to acknowledge the divine power of the soul, which shows itself in its eternal striving toward perfection.
From Tusculan Disputations · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changedMemory, invention, quickness of motion, and the beauty of virtue, Cicero’s signs of the soul’s divine power, become its “eternal striving toward perfection.”
Original · Latin… sic mentem hominis, quamvis eam non videas, ut deum non vides, tamen, ut deum adgnoscis ex operibus eius, sic ex memoria rerum et inventione et celeritate motus omnique pulchritudine virtutis vim divinam mentis adgnoscito.
Source text: thelatinlibrary.comIn English · C. D. Yonge, 1877Thus, though you see not the soul of man, as you see not the Deity, yet, as by the contemplation of his works you are led to acknowledge a God, so you must own the divine power of the soul, from its remembering things, from its invention, from the quickness of its motion, and from all the beauty of virtue.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Tusculan Disputations, I.28.70.
Signed Seneca, but the sentence is Cicero's, Tusculan Disputations I.70. The first half is close. In the second Cicero names memory, invention, swiftness of motion, and all the beauty of virtue as the signs of the mind's divine power; Tolstoy puts "its eternal striving toward perfection" in their place. Where the misattribution came from was not found.
В каждом из нас живет бог. Ничто так не удерживает человека от зла и помогает делать доброе, как память об этом.
God lives in each of us. Nothing so keeps us from evil and helps us do good as the remembrance of this.
Translation note. The Russian italic is broken only at the comma before «как», “as”; it is set here as one span.
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