13Aprilапреля · 13-е апреля
Духовное, божественное начало нашей жизни мы сознаем, с одной стороны, разумом, с другой стороны — любовью.
We are conscious of the spiritual, divine principle of our life on the one hand through reason, on the other — through love.
1. Свойство мудрого человека состоит в трех вещах: первое — делать самому то, что он советует делать другим, второе — никогда не поступать против справедливости и третье — терпеливо переносить слабости людей, окружающих его.
1. The mark of the wise lies in three things: first, to do themselves what they advise others to do; second, never to act against justice; and third, to bear patiently the weaknesses of the people around them.
2. Великие мысли исходят из сердца.
2. Great thoughts come from the heart.
From Réflexions et maximes · close to the original .
Tolstoy’s own version · Мысли мудрых людей на каждый деньВеликие мысли исходят из сердца.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Réflexions et maximes, Maxim 127 (Œuvres, ed. D.-L. Gilbert, Paris, 1857).
Word for word. The Circle repeats Tolstoy's Thoughts of Wise Men (1903), where the maxim stands twice, and the same Russian is no. 25 among Vauvenargues's maxims in Rusanov's translation in «Избранные мысли Лабрюйера, с прибавлением избранных афоризмов и максим Ларошфуко, Вовенарга и Монтескье» (Посредник, 1908), Jubilee vol. 40. No public-domain English was saved.
3. Наши нравственные чувства так переплетены с умственными силами, что мы не можем затронуть одних, не затронув и других. Большой ум, при отсутствии нравственного чувства, источник великих бедствий.
3. Our moral feelings are so interwoven with our intellectual powers that we cannot touch the one without touching the other as well. A great intellect, in the absence of moral feeling, is a source of great calamities.
From Modern Painters I · joined by Tolstoy from several places .
John Ruskin’s own wordsAll our moral feelings are so in-woven with our intellectual powers, that we cannot affect the one without in some degree addressing the other; …
Source text: gutenberg.orgSesame and Lilies, Lecture III 'The Mystery of Life and its Arts'Ships and armies you may replace if they are lost, but a great intellect, once abused, is a curse to the earth for ever.
Source text: gutenberg.orgTolstoy’s own version · Мысли мудрых людей на каждый деньНаши нравственные чувства так переплетены с умственными силами, что мы не можем затронуть одних, не затронув и других. Великий ум, однажды искаженный, является навсегда проклятием земли.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Modern Painters I (1843), Part I, Section I, ch. VI 'Of Ideas of Beauty', § 4, 'How far beauty may become intellectual'.
Joined from two works, and the second sentence changed. The first is Modern Painters I: 'All our moral feelings are so in-woven with our intellectual powers, that we cannot affect the one without in some degree addressing the other', kept closely, with 'in some degree' left out. The second comes from Sesame and Lilies, Lecture III, where Ruskin warns the gifted artist: 'a great intellect, once abused, is a curse to the earth for ever.' Thoughts of Wise Men (1903, 26 February) already joins the two, the second still close to Ruskin: 'A great mind, once perverted, is for ever a curse of the earth' (Великий ум, однажды искаженный, является навсегда проклятием земли). The Circle rewrites it: 'A great mind, in the absence of moral feeling, is a source of great calamities' (Большой ум, при отсутствии нравственного чувства, источник великих бедствий). 'Once abused' becomes 'in the absence of moral feeling', which ties the second sentence to the first, and 'a curse to the earth for ever' becomes 'a source of great calamities'. The Jubilee commentary on Thoughts of Wise Men names the source of its Ruskin: L. P. Nikiforov's Russian selection (Posrednik, 1902). No printable.
4. Всё исследуй. Верь только тому, что согласно с разумом.
4. Examine everything. Believe only what agrees with reason.
5. Разум и ум — два совершенно различных свойства. Есть много людей с большим умом, лишенных разума. Ум есть способность понимать и соображать жизненные, мирские условия; разум же есть божественная сущность души, открывающая ей ее отношение к миру и богу. Разум не только не одно и то же, что ум, но противоположен ему: разум освобождает человека от тех соблазнов и обманов, которые накладывает на человека ум. В этом главная деятельность разума; уничтожая соблазны, разум освобождает сущность души человеческой — любовь и дает ей возможность проявлять себя.
5. Reason and intellect are two entirely different faculties. There are many people of great intellect who are devoid of reason. Intellect is the ability to understand and reckon with the practical, worldly conditions of life; reason is the divine essence of the soul, which reveals to it its relation to the world and to God. Reason is not only not the same thing as intellect, but is opposed to it: reason frees us from the temptations and deceptions that the intellect lays upon us. In this lies the chief activity of reason; by destroying temptations, reason sets free the essence of the human soul — love — and enables it to manifest itself.
Translation note. Two near words are kept apart: «разум», “reason”, and «ум», “intellect”.
6. Обыкновенно делают различие между разумом и совестью, говоря, что добрые дела важнее сильного мышления. Но таким разделением неразрывно соединенных сил души мы калечим нашу природу. Отнимите мысль от добродетели, что останется? Без силы мысли то, что мы называем совестью, вырождается в мечтания, преувеличение, оправдание зла. Самые жестокие дела на свете были совершены во имя совести. Люди ненавидели, убивали друг друга по долгу совести.
6. It is usual to make a distinction between reason and conscience, saying that good deeds are more important than powerful thinking. But by such a division of the inseparably united powers of the soul we cripple our nature. Take thought away from virtue, and what will remain? Without the power of thought, what we call conscience degenerates into fancies, exaggeration, the justification of evil. The cruelest deeds in the world have been done in the name of conscience. People have hated and killed one another as a duty of conscience.
From On the Elevation of the Laboring Classes · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changed“What we call conscientiousness, or a desire to do right” becomes “what we call conscience,” its “pernicious excess” becomes “the justification of evil,” and hatred “from a sense of duty” becomes hatred “as a duty of conscience.”
Channing’s own wordsIt is common to distinguish between the intellect and the conscience, between the power of thought and virtue, and to say that virtuous action is worth more than strong thinking. But we mutilate our nature by thus drawing lines between actions or energies of the soul, which are intimately, indissolubly bound together.
Take away thought from virtue, and what remains worthy of a man ?
Without power of thought, what we call conscientiousness, or a desire to do right, shoots out into illusion, exaggeration, pernicious excess. The most cruel deeds on earth have been perpetrated in the name of conscience. Men have hated and murdered one another from a sense of duty.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. On the Elevation of the Laboring Classes (lectures, Boston, 1840), in The Works of William E. Channing (Boston: American Unitarian Association, 1890), Pp. 43–44, in the account of the first element of elevation, 'Force of Thought exerted for the acquisition of truth'.
Shortened, and changed at one word that counts. 'the intellect and the conscience, between the power of thought and virtue' becomes 'reason and conscience'; 'virtuous action is worth more than strong thinking' becomes 'good deeds are more important than strong thinking'. Six sentences in the middle (the head and the heart, conscience as 'a wise discernment of the right', virtue as more than blind instinct) are left out. 'what remains worthy of a man?' becomes 'what will remain?'. 'what we call conscientiousness, or a desire to do right' becomes 'what we call conscience', and 'shoots out into illusion, exaggeration, pernicious excess' becomes 'degenerates into fancies, exaggeration, the justification of evil' (оправдание зла). 'from a sense of duty' becomes 'from the duty of conscience' (по долгу совести). The 1884 London scans read 'c>n earth' and 'e.xaggeration' here; the Boston printing of 1890 is cited. No printable. Broadbent's Channing selection (London, 1903), on the Jubilee list, is not online.
Разумный человек не может быть зол. Добрый человек всегда разумен. Увеличивай в себе доброту упражнением разума и разум упражнением в любви.
Reasonable people cannot be wicked. Good people are always reasonable. Increase the goodness in yourself by the exercise of reason, and reason by exercise in love.
Tolstoy TodayТолстой сегодня · tolstoytoday.org/april/13