5Augustавгуста · 5-е августа
Большая часть ложных и вредных мнений распространяется и поддерживается внушением.
Most false and harmful opinions are spread and sustained by suggestion.
1. Мы склонны усваивать те взгляды и мысли, которые разделяются людьми, живущими с нами, а не стараемся дальше и глубже развить их. От этого ничтожество наших характеров и жизней.
1. We are inclined to take on the views and thoughts shared by the people we live among, and do not try to develop them further and more deeply. Hence the paltriness of our characters and our lives.
2. Душа поддается влиянию другой души. И человек вполне свободен, только когда один.
2. A soul gives way to the influence of another soul. And a person is wholly free only when alone.
3. Легко жить в мире, следуя общественному мнению, а в уединении только своему. Силен тот человек, кто в толпе удерживает кротость и независимость уединения.
3. It is easy to live in the world by following public opinion, and in solitude by following only one’s own. That man is strong who in the crowd keeps the meekness and independence of solitude.
From Self-Reliance, in Essays, First Series · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changed“The great man” becomes “That man is strong,” and keeping “with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude” becomes keeping “the meekness and independence of solitude,” so the manner of keeping it becomes a second thing kept; “the world’s opinion” becomes “public opinion.”
Emerson’s own wordsIt is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Self-Reliance, in Essays, First Series (1841), On conformity: 'What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think'.
Changed in two words. 'The great man' becomes 'strong is the man' (Силен тот человек); 'keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude' becomes 'keeps the meekness and independence of solitude' (удерживает кротость и независимость уединения), so that the sweetness, the manner in which the great man keeps his independence, becomes a second thing kept from solitude. 'The world's opinion' becomes 'public opinion' (общественному мнению). No printable.
4. Блажен муж, который не ходил на совет нечестивых и на пути грешных не стоял и в заседании кощунствующих не сидел (Пс. I, 1). Нет ничего заразительнее примера. Он вносит в нашу жизнь такие поступки, которые мы никогда не подумали бы совершить без воздействия примера.
4. Blessed is the man who has not gone to the council of the ungodly, nor stood in the way of sinners, nor sat in the assembly of scoffers (Psalm 1:1). Nothing is more contagious than example. It brings into our life acts that we would never have thought of doing had example not acted on us.
5. Не поддавайся настроению духа того, кто тебя оскорбляет, и не становись на тот путь, на который бы ему хотелось увлечь тебя.
5. Do not give way to the mood of the man who insults you, and do not set foot on the path he would like to draw you onto.
From Meditations · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changedNot having “such an opinion of things as he has who does thee wrong” becomes not giving way “to the mood of the man who insults you,” the opinion “he wishes thee to have” becomes the path “he would like to draw you onto,” and “but look at them as they are in truth” is left out. †
† An intermediate translation may have made this change.
Original · Ancient GreekΜὴ τοιαῦτα ὑπολάμβανε, οἷα ὁ ὑβρίζων κρίνει ἢ οἷά σε κρίνειν βούλεται, ἀλλὰ ἴδε αὐτά, ὁποῖα κατʼ ἀλήθειάν ἐστιν.
Source text: raw.githubusercontent.comIn English · George Long, 1862Do not have such an opinion of things as he has who does thee wrong, or such as he wishes thee to have, but look at them as they are in truth.
Source text: gutenberg.orgTolstoy’s own version · Мысли мудрых людей на каждый деньНе поддавайся настроению духа того, который тебя оскорбляет, и не становись на тот путь, на который бы ему хотелось увлечь тебя.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Meditations, IV.11.
Thoughts of Wise Men (1903), 24 June, its first paragraph; the Circle has «того, кто» for «того, который». Marcus: "Do not have such an opinion of things as he has who does thee wrong, or such as he wishes thee to have, but look at them as they are in truth." The Russian turns the wrongdoer's judgment of things (κρίνει, judges) into his mood, «Не поддавайся настроению духа того, кто тебя оскорбляет» (do not yield to the mood of the one who insults you), and "such as he wishes thee to have" into «не становись на тот путь, на который бы ему хотелось увлечь тебя» (do not take the path he would like to draw you onto). "But look at them as they are in truth" is left out. The 1903 Marcus Aurelius came from the Posrednik edition of the Meditations, L. D. Urusov's translation (Jubilee vol. 40 commentary); the saved scan of Urusov (sources/marcus-urusov-1882) has no text layer and was not compared.
6. Человек может привыкнуть к самой плохой жизни, в особенности если он видит, что все окружающие его живут так же.
6. We can grow used to the very worst life, especially if we see that everyone around us lives the same way.
7. Мне стыдно думать о том, как часто я уступчиво жертвовал своими убеждениями и как легко подчинялся омертвелым учреждениям и обычаям.
7. I am ashamed to think how often I have compliantly sacrificed my convictions, and how easily I have submitted to lifeless institutions and customs.
From Self-Reliance, in Essays, First Series · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changedEmerson’s “we” becomes “I,” and capitulating “to badges and names, to large societies” becomes having “compliantly sacrificed my convictions”; “customs” are added to the dead institutions.
Emerson’s own wordsI am ashamed to think how easily we capitulate to badges and names, to large societies and dead institutions.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Self-Reliance, in Essays, First Series (1841), After 'A man is to carry himself in the presence of all opposition as if every thing were titular and ephemeral but he'.
Reworded. Emerson's 'we' becomes 'I', and 'how easily we capitulate to badges and names, to large societies and dead institutions' becomes 'how often I compliantly sacrificed my convictions and how easily I submitted to dead institutions and customs' (как часто я уступчиво жертвовал своими убеждениями и как легко подчинялся омертвелым учреждениям и обычаям): the badges, names, and large societies are replaced by the sacrifice of convictions, and 'customs' is added. 'Dead institutions' and 'how easily' are Emerson's.
8. Распространяемые внушением ложные понятия и вредные настроения можно узнать по тому блеску и торжественности, которыми они окружаются. Истина не нуждается во внешней обстановке.
8. False notions and harmful moods spread by suggestion can be recognized by the glitter and solemnity with which they are surrounded. Truth has no need of an outward setting.
Внушение — необходимое условие общественной жизни, но нельзя быть достаточно осторожным в сознательном употреблении его. Способность внушения заставляет нравственного человека быть вдвойне строгим к словам и поступкам, которые могут воздействовать на других.
Suggestion is a necessary condition of social life, but we cannot be careful enough in using it consciously. The capacity for suggestion obliges a moral person to be doubly strict about words and acts that may affect others.
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