22Julyиюля · 22-е июля
Вера — не вера, если жизнь не согласна с нею.
Faith is not faith if life does not agree with it.
Translation note. The Russian italic is broken only at the dash and the comma; it is set here as one span.
1. Итак, всякого, кто слушает слова мои сии и исполняет их, уподоблю мужу благоразумному, который построил дом свой на камне; и пошел дождь, и разлились реки, и подули ветры и устремились на дом тот, и он не упал, потому что основан был на камне.
А всякий, кто слушает сии слова мои и не исполняет их, уподобится человеку безрассудному, который построил дом свой на песке; и пошел дождь, и разлились реки, и подули ветры и налегли на дом тот, и он упал, и было падение его великое.
1. Therefore everyone who hears these words of mine and does them I will liken to a prudent man, who built his house on the rock; and the rain came down, and the rivers overflowed, and the winds blew and rushed upon that house, and it did not fall, because it was founded on the rock.
And everyone who hears these words of mine and does not do them will be likened to a foolish man, who built his house on the sand; and the rain came down, and the rivers overflowed, and the winds blew and bore down on that house, and it fell, and great was its fall.
From Matthew · close to the original .
The Russian Bible (Synodal translation)Итак всякого, кто слушает слова Мои сии и исполняет их, уподоблю мужу благоразумному, который построил дом свой на камне; …
… и пошел дождь, и разлились реки, и подули ветры, и устремились на дом тот, и он не упал, потому что основан был на камне.
А всякий, кто слушает сии слова Мои и не исполняет их, уподобится человеку безрассудному, который построил дом свой на песке; …
… и пошел дождь, и разлились реки, и подули ветры, и налегли на дом тот; и он упал, и было падение его великое.
Source text: ru.wikisource.orgIn English · King James Version, 1611Therefore whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, I will liken him unto a wise man, which built his house upon a rock: …
And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell not: for it was founded upon a rock.
And every one that heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, which built his house upon the sand: …
And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell: and great was the fall of it.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Matthew, 7:24–27.
The Synodal text word for word, with «мои» in lower case and the punctuation lightly changed («Итак, всякого»; «подули ветры и устремились»).
Translation note. The KJV has “a wise man” for “a prudent man” and “the floods came” for “the rivers overflowed,” and has the winds “beat upon that house” in both verses, where the Russian has “rushed upon” and then “bore down on.”
2. Смерть неизбежна для всего рожденного, так же как и рождение неизбежно для всего смертного. Поэтому не должно сетовать на то, что неизбежно. Прежнее состояние существ неизвестно, среднее состояние очевидно, будущее состояние не может быть познано, о чем же заботиться и беспокоиться? Некоторые люди смотрят на душу как на чудо, а другие говорят и слушают про нее с удивлением, но никто ничего не знает про нее.
Дверь неба открыта для тебя ровно настолько, насколько тебе нужно. Освободись от заботы и тревог и направь свою душу на духовное. Пусть твои поступки будут руководимы тобою, а не событиями. Не будь из тех, цель поступков которых — награда. Будь внимателен, совершай свой долг, оставь мысль о последствиях, так чтобы тебе было всё равно, кончится ли дело приятно или неприятно для тебя.
2. Death is inevitable for all that is born, just as birth is inevitable for all that is mortal. Therefore one must not lament over what is inevitable. The former state of beings is unknown, the middle state is evident, the future state cannot be known: what, then, is there to be anxious and troubled about? Some people look upon the soul as a marvel, and others speak and hear of it with wonder, but no one knows anything about it.
The door of heaven is open to you exactly as far as you need. Free yourself from care and anxieties, and turn your soul to the spiritual. Let your actions be guided by you, and not by events. Do not be one of those whose actions have reward for their aim. Be attentive, do your duty, put aside the thought of consequences, so that it is all the same to you whether the matter ends pleasantly or unpleasantly for you.
From Mahābhārata, Bhīṣma Parva: Bhagavad Gītā ch. 2 · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changed“Just to thy wish the door of heaven is found open before thee” becomes “The door of heaven is open to you exactly as far as you need,” and “Let the motive be in the deed, and not in the event” becomes “Let your actions be guided by you, and not by events.”
What Tolstoy read · The Sacred AnthologyWherefore it doth not behove thee to grieve about that which is inevitable.
Just to thy wish the door of heaven is found open before thee.
… be free from care and trouble, and turn thy mind to things which are spiritual. Let the motive be in the deed, and not in the event.
Depend upon application, perform thy duty, abandon all thought of the consequence, and make the event equal, whether it terminate in good or evil.
Source text: archive.orgOriginal · Sanskritजातस्य हि ध्रुवो मृत्युर्ध्रुवं जन्म मृतस्य च।
अव्यक्तादीनि भूतानि व्यक्तमध्यानि भारत।
यदृच्छया चोपपन्नं स्वर्गद्वारमपावृतम् ।
कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदा च न ।
Source text: sa.wikisource.orgIn English · Charles Wilkins, 1785Death is certain to all things which are fubjed to birth, …
… the door of heaven is found open before thee.
Let the motive be in the deed, and not in the event.
Depend upon application, perform thy duty, abandon all thought of the confequence, …
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Mahābhārata, Bhīṣma Parva: Bhagavad Gītā ch. 2, BG 2.27-29, 2.32, 2.45, 2.47-48 (= Mbh 6.26, Wikisource numbering); Conway (1874), no. DCLXVI, The Unknown Future, pp. 422-423.
Conway's 'The Unknown Future', which takes Wilkins's English (1785) of the second chapter of the Gita, cut, and Tolstoy follows it closely, leaving out a few clauses. Conway: 'Death is certain to all things which are subject to birth, and regeneration to all things which are mortal. Wherefore it doth not behove thee to grieve about that which is inevitable. The former state of beings is unknown, the middle state is evident, and their future state is not to be discovered. Why then shouldst thou trouble thyself about such things as these? Some regard the soul as a wonder, while some speak, and others hear of it with astonishment; but no one knoweth it, although he may have heard it described. Just to thy wish the door of heaven is found open before thee. Be free from duplicity, and stand firm in the path of truth; be free from care and trouble, and turn thy mind to things which are spiritual. Let the motive be in the deed, and not in the event. Be not one whose motive for action is the hope of reward. Let not thy life be spent in inaction. Depend upon application, perform thy duty, abandon all thought of the consequence, and make the event equal, whether it terminate in good or evil.' Tolstoy leaves out 'although he may have heard it described', 'Be free from duplicity, and stand firm in the path of truth', and 'Let not thy life be spent in inaction', and changes two sentences. 'Just to thy wish the door of heaven is found open before thee' becomes «Дверь неба открыта для тебя ровно настолько, насколько тебе нужно» (the door of heaven is open to you exactly as far as you need); the Sanskrit (2.32) says the door of heaven opens of its own accord (yadṛcchayā, unsought) to the warrior who meets such a battle, which Wilkins had already made 'just to thy wish'. 'Let the motive be in the deed, and not in the event' becomes «Пусть твои поступки будут руководимы тобою, а не событиями» (let your actions be guided by you, not by events); the Sanskrit (2.47) says 'your right is to the action alone, never to its fruits'. 'Depend upon application' is «Будь внимателен» (be attentive), and 'make the event equal, whether it terminate in good or evil' is «так чтобы тебе было всё равно, кончится ли дело приятно или неприятно для тебя» (so that it is all the same to you whether the matter ends pleasantly or unpleasantly for you). Wilkins's English is given for the original; its long s is read as f in the scan ('fubjed' is 'subject', 'confequence' 'consequence'). «Богавата» is the Bhagavad Gita, as the Jubilee name index says.
3. Что пользы, братия мои, если кто говорит, что он имеет веру, а дел не имеет? Может ли эта вера спасти его? Если брат или сестра наги и не имеют дневного пропитания, а кто-нибудь из вас скажет им: идите с миром, грейтесь и питайтесь, но не даст им потребного для тела: что пользы? Так и вера, если не имеет дел, мертва сама по себе. Но скажет кто-нибудь: ты имеешь веру, а я имею дела — покажи мне веру твою без дел твоих, а я покажу тебе веру мою из дел моих.
Видите ли, что человек оправдывается делами, а не верою только? Ибо как тело без духа мертво, так и вера без дел мертва.
3. What does it profit, my brethren, if someone says he has faith but has no works? Can this faith save him? If a brother or sister is naked and has no daily food, and one of you says to them: Go in peace, warm yourselves and eat, but does not give them what the body needs: what does it profit? So faith too, if it has no works, is dead in itself. But someone will say: You have faith, and I have works — show me your faith without your works, and I will show you my faith by my works.
Do you see that a man is justified by works, and not by faith only? For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead.
From James · close to the original .
The Russian Bible (Synodal translation)Что́ пользы, братия мои, если кто говорит, что он имеет веру, а дел не имеет? может ли эта вера спасти его?
Так и вера, если не имеет дел, мертва сама по себе.
Видите ли, что человек оправдывается делами, а не верою только?
Ибо, как тело без духа мертво, так и вера без дел мертва.
Source text: ru.wikisource.orgIn English · King James Version, 1611What doth it profit, my brethren, though a man say he hath faith, and have not works? can faith save him?
Even so faith, if it hath not works, is dead, being alone.
Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only.
For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. James, 2:14–18, 24, 26.
The Synodal text of the verses the signature names, word for word but for punctuation (no quotation marks; «Может ли» capitalized). Verses 19–23 and 25 (the devils believe and tremble; Abraham's works; Rahab) are left out, as the signature says. December's 12-13.1 is the same passage without verse 24.
Translation note. Tolstoy’s wording, verses 14–18, 24, and 26; the KJV has “can faith save him?”, “be ye warmed and filled,” “is dead, being alone,” “Yea, a man may say,” and in verse 24 a statement, “Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only.” The Russian italic is broken only at the commas; it is set here as one span.
4. Человек, знающий закон, но не исполняющий его, подобен человеку, который пашет, но не сеет.
4. A man who knows the law but does not fulfill it is like a man who plows but does not sow.
From Gulistan · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changed“Whosoever acquired knowledge, and did not practise it” becomes “A man who knows the law but does not fulfill it.” †
† An intermediate translation may have made this change.
Original · Persianهر که علم خواند و عمل نکرد بدان ماند که گاو راند و تخم نیفشاند.
Source text: api.ganjoor.netIn English · Francis Gladwin, 1806Whosoever acquired knowledge, and did not practise it, resembleth him who ploughed, but did not sow.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Gulistan, ch. VIII, maxim 38 (Ganjoor numbering; Gladwin No. XL, p. 352).
Saadi's maxim with its subject changed. Gladwin: 'Whosoever acquired knowledge, and did not practise it, resembleth him who ploughed, but did not sow.' Tolstoy: «Человек, знающий закон, но не исполняющий его, подобен человеку, который пашет, но не сеет» (a man who knows the law but does not fulfil it is like a man who ploughs but does not sow). The Persian: 'whoever studied knowledge (ʿilm) and did not act on it is like one who drove the oxen and did not scatter the seed.' Knowledge becomes 'the law', which suits the day's theme, 'faith is not faith if life does not agree with it'. The same maxim stands in the Circle on 27 July (7-27.5), closer to Saadi («Кто приобретает знания, но не пользуется ими, подобен тому, кто пашет, но не сеет») and signed «Гулистан» Саади by the Jubilee editors. Conway's Sacred Anthology prints Gladwin's sentence (p. 128, no. CCIII, Fruitless Toil); no printing with 'law' in it was found, so whether Tolstoy or an intermediary made the change is not known. Not in Thoughts of Wise Men (1903).
Если человек не спешит исполнить то, что он признает законом бога, то он не верит ни в бога, ни в закон его.
If we are in no hurry to fulfill what we acknowledge to be the law of God, then we believe neither in God nor in his law.
Tolstoy TodayТолстой сегодня · tolstoytoday.org/july/22