3Marchмарта · 3-е марта
Какая еще награда за доброе дело? Награда уже получена в той радости, которую испытал человек, делая доброе дело. Всякая награда уменьшает эту радость.
What further reward could there be for a good deed? The reward has already been received in the joy we felt in doing the good deed. Any reward lessens this joy.
1. Тот, кто делает добро другому, делает больше всего добра самому себе — не в том смысле, что ему будет за это награда; а тем, что сознание сделанного добра дает уже большую радость.
1. He who does good to another does the most good of all to himself — not in the sense that he will have a reward for it, but in that the consciousness of the good he has done already gives great joy.
From Epistulae morales ad Lucilium · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changedThe reward that lies “in the virtues themselves,” since “the wages of a good deed is to have done it,” becomes joy: “the consciousness of the good he has done already gives great joy”; “benefited himself” becomes “does the most good of all to himself.”
Original · LatinNemo non, cum alteri prodest, sibi profuit, non eo nomine dico, quod volet adiuvare adiutus, protegere defensus, quod bonum exemplum circuitu ad facientem revertitur …
… sed quod virtutum omnium pretium in ipsis est. Non enim exercentur ad praemium: recte facti fecisse merces est.
Source text: thelatinlibrary.comIn English · Richard Mott Gummere, 1920There is not a man who, when he has benefited his neighbour, has not benefited himself,—I do not mean for the reason that he whom you have aided will desire to aid you, …
… but that the reward for all the virtues lies in the virtues themselves.
For they are not practised with a view to recompense; the wages of a good deed is to have done it.
Source text: en.wikisource.orgRelated · «Благочестивые мысли и наставления для руководства христианина на пути к совершенству»Благотворя ближним, мы, сами не замечая, делаем гораздо более для себя, чем для других.
Source text: azbyka.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Epistulae morales ad Lucilium, 81.19.
Seneca, on gratitude: "There is not a man who, when he has benefited his neighbour, has not benefited himself", not because the man helped will help in return, "but that the reward for all the virtues lies in the virtues themselves ... the wages of a good deed is to have done it" (recte facti fecisse merces est). Tolstoy has «делает больше всего добра самому себе» (does the most good of all to himself) for "has benefited himself", and turns the reward that lies in the deed itself into «сознание сделанного добра дает уже большую радость» (the consciousness of good done already gives great joy). Seneca's list of the ways a kindness comes back to the giver is reduced to «не в том смысле, что ему будет за это награда». The Russian intermediary was not found; the passage is not in Thoughts of Wise Men (1903). «Благочестивые мысли» § II.34, two sayings after the one Tolstoy printed on the same day (3-3.3), has the same thought in the words «делаем гораздо более для себя, чем для других».
2. Один святой жизни человек молился так богу о людях: «О, боже! будь милостив к злым, потому что к добрым ты уже был милостив: им хорошо потому, что они добрые».
2. A man of holy life prayed to God for people thus: “O God! Be merciful to the wicked, for to the good you have already been merciful: all is well with them because they are good.”
From Gulistan · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changedGod’s mercy to the good, “by having created them virtuous,” becomes their own goodness: “all is well with them because they are good”; the Durwaish becomes “a man of holy life.”
What Tolstoy read · Moncure D. Conway, The Sacred Anthology… show pity towards the wicked, for on the good thou hast already bestowed mercy by having created them virtuous …
Source text: archive.orgOriginal · Persianدرویشی به مناجات در میگفت: یا رب بر بدان رحمت كن كه بر نیكان خود رحمت كردهای كه مر ایشان را نیک آفریدهای.
Source text: api.ganjoor.netIn English · Francis Gladwin, 1806A Durwaish, in his prayer, said, " O God, show pity towards the wicked, for on the good thou hast already bestowed mercy, by having created them virtuous."
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Gulistan, ch. VIII, maxim 98 (Gladwin).
Gladwin's English, through Conway. Gladwin's 'Durwaish' becomes «Один святой жизни человек», and «о людях» is added. The reason changes: 'for on the good thou hast already bestowed mercy, by having created them virtuous' (Persian: که مر ایشان را نیک آفریدهای, 'for thou hast created them good') becomes «потому что к добрым ты уже был милостив: им хорошо потому, что они добрые» (they are well off because they are good). God's making them good drops out, and their goodness itself becomes their good fortune.
3. Делать добро и требовать награды — значит уничтожать действие и силу добра.
3. To do good and demand a reward is to destroy the effect and the power of the good.
From «Благочестивые мысли и наставления для руководства христианина на пути к совершенству» · close to the original .
Original · RussianДелать добро и требовать возмездия – значить уничтожать действие и силу добра.
Source text: azbyka.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. «Благочестивые мысли и наставления для руководства христианина на пути к совершенству» (Moscow, 1872 printing; Tolstoy used the 3rd edition, 1879), § II.32.
The anthology's saying with «награды» (reward) for «возмездия» (requital). The transcription's «значить» is a misprint for «значит». The anthology's own source was not identified.
4. Очень часто не остается для нас следа одолжений, оказанных нам другими, но никогда не останутся бесследными услуги, оказанные нами другим.
4. Very often no trace remains for us of the favors others have done us, but the services we have done others will never vanish without a trace.
From «Благочестивые мысли и наставления для руководства христианина на пути к совершенству» · close to the original .
Original · RussianОчень часто не остаётся для нас следа одолжений, оказанных нам другими, но никогда не останутся бесследными услуги, другим оказанные.
Source text: azbyka.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. «Благочестивые мысли и наставления для руководства христианина на пути к совершенству» (Moscow, 1872 printing; Tolstoy used the 3rd edition, 1879), § II.15.
The second sentence of § II.15, with «услуги, оказанные нами другим» (services we have done to others) for «услуги, другим оказанные» (services done to others). The first sentence, «Из всех удовольствий самое сладостное – помочь ближнему», is left out. The anthology's own source was not identified.
5. Пусть левая рука твоя не знает, что делает правая.
5. Let your left hand not know what your right is doing.
From Matthew · shortened by Tolstoy .
The Russian Bible (Synodal translation)У тебя же, когда творишь милостыню, пусть левая рука твоя не знает, что делает правая, …
Source text: ru.wikisource.orgIn English · King James Version, 1611But when thou doest alms, let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth: …
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Matthew, 6:3.
The Synodal text without its opening clause, «У тебя же, когда творишь милостыню» ("But when thou doest alms"), so that the saying stands for any good deed.
Translation note. The Russian italic is broken only at the comma; the English sets the line as one span.
6. Одни люди, если сделают кому-нибудь услугу, ждут себе за это награду или благодарность; другие, хотя и не ждут награды и благодарности, все-таки не забывают того, что они сделали, и считают тех, кому они сделали добро, своими должниками. Но истинное добро — добро только тогда, когда оно сделано не для другого, а для себя, и человек, сделавший его, не ищет награды, а делает добро так, как плодовое дерево, когда оно вырастит свои плоды и вполне довольно тем, что плодами этими пользуются те, кому они нужны.
6. Some people, when they have done someone a service, expect a reward or gratitude for it; others, though they do not expect reward or gratitude, still do not forget what they have done, and consider those to whom they have done good their debtors. But true good is good only when it is done not for another but for oneself, and the man who has done it seeks no reward but does good as a fruit tree does when it has grown its fruit and is fully content that those who need its fruit make use of it.
From Meditations · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changedAdds “true good is good only when it is done not for another but for oneself,” and Marcus’s vine, which “seeks for nothing more” after its grapes, becomes a fruit tree “fully content that those who need its fruit make use of it.”
Original · Ancient GreekὉ μέν τίς ἐστιν, ὅταν τι δεξιὸν περί τινα πράξῃ, πρόχειρος καὶ λογίσασθαι αὐτῷ τὴν χάριν.
… ὁ δὲ πρὸς μὲν τοῦτο οὐ πρόχειρος, ἄλλως μέντοι παρ’ ἑαυτῷ ὡς περὶ χρεώστου διανοεῖται καὶ οἶδεν ὃ πεποίηκεν.
… ὁ δέ τις τρόπον τινὰ οὐδὲ οἶδεν ὃ πεποίηκεν, ἀλλὰ ὅμοιός ἐστιν ἀμπέλῳ βότρυν ἐνεγκούσῃ καὶ μηδὲν ἄλλο προσεπιζητούσῃ μετὰ τὸ ἅπαξ τὸν ἴδιον καρπὸν ἐνηνοχέναι.
Source text: raw.githubusercontent.comIn English · George Long, 1862One man, when he has done a service to another, is ready to set it down to his account as a favor conferred.
Another is not ready to do this, but still in his own mind he thinks of the man as his debtor, and he knows what he has done.
A third in a manner does not even know what he has done, but he is like a vine which has produced grapes, and seeks for nothing more after it has once produced its proper fruit.
Source text: gutenberg.orgTolstoy’s own version · Мысли мудрых людей на каждый деньЕсть люди, которые, оказав кому-нибудь услугу, тотчас считают себя вправе ожидать за нее награду; другие, не рассчитывая на прямую награду, ни на минуту, однако, не забывают оказанной услуги и в душе своей признают, что у них есть должники; …
… эти подобны виноградной лозе, которая, вырастив свои грозди, вполне удовлетворена тем, что созрел на ней ей одной свойственный плод ее.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Meditations, V.6.
Reworked from Tolstoy's version in Thoughts of Wise Men (1903), September 20, which follows V.6 closely. Kept: one man sets a service down as a favour owed him; another does not, but thinks of the man as his debtor. Changed: Marcus's third man "does not even know what he has done" and is "like a vine which has produced grapes, and seeks for nothing more"; the 1903 text keeps the vine. Here the vine becomes «плодовое дерево» (a fruit tree), and its contentment at having borne its own fruit becomes «вполне довольно тем, что плодами этими пользуются те, кому они нужны» (content that those who need its fruit use it). Tolstoy adds a sentence of his own: «Но истинное добро — добро только тогда, когда оно сделано не для другого, а для себя». Marcus's horse, hound, and bee, and his exchange on whether a man should notice his own good act, are dropped.
7. Относитесь хорошо к людям в расчете получить выгоду от их благодарности, и вы не получите ни малейшей отплаты за вашу доброту; но относитесь к ним хорошо без всяких корыстных соображений — и вы достигнете и благодарности и пользы. И так во всем: «Кто хочет душу свою сберечь — потеряет ее, а кто потеряет душу свою ради меня, тот обретет ее».
7. Treat people well in the reckoning that you will profit by their gratitude, and you will not receive the slightest return for your kindness; but treat them well without any mercenary considerations — and you will gain both gratitude and benefit. And so it is in everything: “Whoever wants to save his soul will lose it, and whoever loses his soul for my sake will find it.”
From Unto This Last · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changed“Treat the servant kindly” becomes “Treat people well,” and the gratitude Ruskin withholds is promised: “all economical purposes will be answered” becomes “you will gain both gratitude and benefit.” †
† An intermediate translation may have made this change.
John Ruskin’s own wordsTreat the servant kindly, with the idea of turning his gratitude to account, and you will get, as you deserve, no gratitude, nor any value for your kindness; but treat him kindly without any economical purpose, and all economical purposes will be answered; in this, as in all other matters, whosoever will save his life shall lose it, whoso loses it shall find it.
Source text: gutenberg.orgTolstoy’s own version · Мысли мудрых людей на каждый деньОтноситесь хорошо к людям в расчете получить выгоду от их благодарности, и вы не получите ни малейшей отплаты за вашу мнимую доброту; но относитесь к ним хорошо без всяких корыстных соображений, и вы достигнете и благодарности и пользы.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Unto This Last (1860–62), Essay I 'The Roots of Honour', Essay I, on the master and his domestic servant, the paragraph on the affections as a motive power.
Changed in its scope and in its promise. Ruskin's servant becomes people in general ('Treat the servant kindly' becomes 'Treat people well', Относитесь хорошо к людям). 'you will get, as you deserve, no gratitude, nor any value for your kindness' becomes 'you will get not the least return for your kindness'; 'all economical purposes will be answered' becomes 'you will gain both gratitude and profit' (вы достигнете и благодарности и пользы), so the gratitude Ruskin withholds is promised. 'in this, as in all other matters' becomes 'And so in everything', and Ruskin's Gospel words are given in full, close to the Synodal wording of Matthew 16:25, with 'for my sake' (ради меня). The 1903 version (Thoughts of Wise Men, 19 July) has 'your sham kindness' (вашу мнимую доброту), which the Circle shortens to 'your kindness'. The Jubilee commentary on Thoughts of Wise Men names the source of its Ruskin: L. P. Nikiforov's Russian selection, «Избранные мысли Джона Рёскина» (Posrednik, 1902); the Circle's list adds its third part (1904). The saved text is the Ward Lock printing (1912). No printable.
Translation note. Matthew 16:25, where the KJV has “whosoever will save his life shall lose it: and whosoever will lose his life for my sake shall find it.” The Russian «душа» means both “soul” and “life”.
8. Упражняйся во всякой добродетели и избегай всякого порока. Одна добродетель влечет за собою другие, один порок — другие пороки. Награда добродетели — добродетель, возмездие за порок — порок.
8. Practice every virtue and shun every vice. One virtue draws others after it; one vice, other vices. The reward of virtue is virtue; the retribution for vice is vice.
From Pirkei Avot · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changed“Hasten to do even a slight precept … and flee from transgression” becomes “Practice every virtue and shun every vice”: the slight precept becomes every virtue, and transgression becomes vice throughout.
Original · Hebrewהֱוֵי רָץ לְמִצְוָה קַלָּה כְבַחֲמוּרָה, וּבוֹרֵחַ מִן הָעֲבֵרָה.
שֶׁמִּצְוָה גּוֹרֶרֶת מִצְוָה, וַעֲבֵרָה גוֹרֶרֶת עֲבֵרָה. שֶׁשְּׂכַר מִצְוָה, מִצְוָה. וּשְׂכַר עֲבֵרָה, עֲבֵרָה: …
Source text: sefaria.orgIn English · Joseph I. Gorfinkle, 1913Hasten to do even a slight precept (7), and flee from transgression; …
… for one virtue leads to another, and transgression draws transgression in its train; for the recompense of a virtue is a virtue, and the recompense of a transgression is a transgression …
Source text: gutenberg.orgTolstoy’s own version · Мысли мудрых людей на каждый деньСпеши к доброму делу, хотя и незначительному, и беги от всякого греха; ибо одно доброе дело влечет за собою другое, а один грех порождает другой: награда добродетели — добродетель, наказание порока — порок.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Pirkei Avot (Mishnah), 4:2.
Ben Azzai: 'run to a light commandment as to a weighty one, and flee from transgression; for a commandment draws a commandment, and a transgression draws a transgression; for the reward of a commandment is a commandment, and the reward of a transgression is a transgression'. Thoughts of Wise Men (1903), 18 July, signed «Талмуд», keeps the first clause: «Спеши к доброму делу, хотя и незначительному, и беги от всякого греха». The Circle changes it to «Упражняйся во всякой добродетели и избегай всякого порока» ('practise every virtue and avoid every vice'), losing 'light' against 'weighty', and puts 'virtue' and 'vice' for 'commandment' (mitzvah) and 'transgression' throughout (Gorfinkle's English also has 'virtue' in the second half). The signature «Бенчасай» is Ben Azzai, a tanna of the early second century; the Jubilee name index lists «Бенчасай» without identifying him, and how the spelling arose was not found.
Translation note. «Бенчасай», as Tolstoy wrote it, is Ben Azzai; the Mishnah gives him the saying (Pirkei Avot 4:2).
Радостно делать добро. Радость увеличивается, когда знаешь, что никто не знает про сделанное добро.
It is a joy to do good. The joy grows when you know that no one knows of the good you have done.
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