Georg Christoph LichtenbergГеорг Кристоф Лихтенберг

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, Vermischte Schriften I (Göttingen, 1800), 6: Literärische Bemerkungen, pp. 267–269.

One remark of Lichtenberg's, cut, and changed in four places. Left out: after the first sentence, his concession that natural history is still better than writing swollen odes to freedom or mixing "the dozen ideas of our so-called great poets" into lines; "Kind heaven!" (Gütiger Himmel); "Learn to know your body" (Lerne deinen Körper kennen); and Linnaeus (the sea sand "which no Linnaeus has yet ordered by its forms" becomes «разновидностей которого еще никто не систематизировал»). Changed: "for our nerve-bundle" (für unsern Nerven-Knaul) becomes «для нашего разума» (for our reason); "accustom your understanding to doubt" (gewöhne deinen Verstand zum Zweifel) becomes «приучи свой ум к осторожности в суждениях» (to caution in judgments); "the number of the fibers of your brain and of its folds and convolutions is finite" becomes «вместимость твоего мозга конечна» (the capacity of your brain is finite); and "where a history of butterflies stands, there would have been room for Plutarch's Lives, which would at least have fired men to great deeds" (Wo eine Schmetterlingshistorie steht, wäre Platz für Plutarchs Biographien gewesen, die doch zu großen Thaten angefeuert hätten) becomes «нашлось бы, может быть, место для мыслей мудрецов, которые могли бы вдохновить тебя» (there might be room for the thoughts of sages who could inspire you). Tolstoy stops where Lichtenberg goes on to the history of the arts and crafts. The Jubilee vol. 42 commentary records that on 20 February 1905 Tolstoy and F. A. Strakhov corrected the Lichtenberg thoughts of the Circle, Tolstoy dictating his own translation of some. Tolstoy's listed source, Lichtenberg's Ausgewählte Schriften (Leipzig, 1879), is mis-scanned on archive.org (December's finding), so the 1800 edition stands in for it; the OCR breaks the first sentence ("ges ſtiegen"), so it is excerpted up to "Raserey". Tolstoy reprinted the thought in «На каждый день» (19 June, no. 5) and in The Path of Life. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 1: Philosophische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften I (Göttingen, 1800), the last remark of the Philosophische Bemerkungen (pp. 139–177), p. 177 or thereabouts (the scan's page numbers are misread here).

Lichtenberg's one sentence, closely: through our early and often too frequent reading we receive so much material without digesting it, with the result that memory grows used to “keeping house for feeling and taste” (die Haushaltung für Empfindung und Geschmack zu führen), «становится обыкновенно хозяином наших чувств и вкусов» (becomes the master of our feelings and tastes) in Tolstoy; then “a deep philosophy” (einer tiefen Philosophie) is often needed, «большое усилие мысли» (a great effort of thought), to give our feeling back its first state of innocence, to find our way out of the rubble of others' things, to begin to feel and speak for ourselves, and, “I might almost say, to exist for ourselves for once.” The OCR misreads “gewohnt” as “gewohut”. Tolstoy's listed source, Lichtenberg's Ausgewählte Schriften (Leipzig, 1879), is mis-scanned on archive.org (December's finding), so the first edition of the Vermischte Schriften (Göttingen, 1800) stands in for it; the Jubilee vol. 42 commentary records that on 20 February 1905 Tolstoy and F. A. Strakhov corrected the Circle's Lichtenberg thoughts, Tolstoy dictating his own translation of some. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 1: Philosophische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften I (Göttingen, 1800), Philosophische Bemerkungen, pp. 171–172 or thereabouts (the scan's page numbers are misread here).

Lichtenberg's remark, with a few phrases cut. Kept: truth has a thousand obstacles to overcome to reach paper unharmed and from paper the head again; liars are its weakest enemies; its dangerous enemies are the enthusiastic writer who speaks of all things and looks at them as other people do “when they have had a drop” (wenn sie einen Hieb haben), the judge of men who sees a man's whole life mirrored in each of his acts, and the good pious man who believes everything out of respect, examines nothing he learned before fifteen, and builds his little examined on unexamined ground. Cut: “honest” (ehrliche) of the people who drink; “superfine, artificial” (superfeine erkünstelte) of the judge of men, and his comparison “like angels in a monad” (wie Engel in einer Monade). Tolstoy sharpens the contrast: Lichtenberg ends “these are dangerous enemies of truth” (das sind gefährliche Feinde der Wahrheit); Tolstoy calls them «самые опасные враги истины» (the most dangerous enemies of truth), twice, against the liars as the weakest. The OCR reads “Hinderniffe” for “Hindernisse” and “Schrifiſteller” for “Schriftsteller”. Tolstoy's listed source, Lichtenberg's Ausgewählte Schriften (Leipzig, 1879), is mis-scanned on archive.org (December's finding), so the first edition of the Vermischte Schriften (Göttingen, 1800) stands in for it; the Jubilee vol. 42 commentary records that on 20 February 1905 Tolstoy and F. A. Strakhov corrected the Circle's Lichtenberg thoughts, Tolstoy dictating his own translation of some. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 4: Beobachtungen über den Menschen, Vermischte Schriften I (Göttingen, 1800), p. 207.

Lichtenberg's sentence, closely: the hottest defenders of a science, who cannot bear the slightest sidelong glance at it, are commonly people who have not got very far in it and are secretly aware of the lack. Tolstoy writes «всякой науки» (any science) for “einer Wissenschaft” (a science). In «На каждый день» (the tolstoy block), signed «По Лихтенбергу», he changed the end: such people «не только недалеко ушли в науке, но и не знают хорошенько, в чем сущность всякой науки» (have not only not got far in science, but do not know well what the essence of any science is), and dropped the secret awareness. Tolstoy's listed source, Lichtenberg's Ausgewählte Schriften (Leipzig, 1879), is mis-scanned on archive.org (December's finding), so the first edition of the Vermischte Schriften (Göttingen, 1800) stands in for it; the Jubilee vol. 42 commentary records that on 20 February 1905 Tolstoy and F. A. Strakhov corrected the Circle's Lichtenberg thoughts, Tolstoy dictating his own translation of some. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 8: Aesthetische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften I (Göttingen, 1800), Aesthetische Bemerkungen, pp. 291–293 or thereabouts (the scan's page numbers are misread here).

Lichtenberg's remark, closely: bad writers are chiefly those who try to say their simple thoughts in the words of good ones; could they say what they think in fitting words, they would always contribute something to the good of the whole and be noteworthy to the observer. Tolstoy renders “their simple-minded thoughts” (ihre einfältigen Gedanken) «свои непосредственные мысли» (their immediate thoughts), “in the words of good ones” (mit Worten der guten) «словами, подходящими для мыслей, хорошо продуманных» (in words fit for well-considered thoughts), and “noteworthy to the observer” «достойны внимания» (worthy of attention). Tolstoy's listed source, Lichtenberg's Ausgewählte Schriften (Leipzig, 1879), is mis-scanned on archive.org (December's finding), so the first edition of the Vermischte Schriften (Göttingen, 1800) stands in for it; the Jubilee vol. 42 commentary records that on 20 February 1905 Tolstoy and F. A. Strakhov corrected the Circle's Lichtenberg thoughts, Tolstoy dictating his own translation of some. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. II (1801), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 3: Moralische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften II (Göttingen, 1801), Moralische Bemerkungen (pp. 120–136), p. 127.

A free version, as «По Лихтенбергу» says. Lichtenberg: “Belief in a God is instinct; it is natural to man, like walking on two legs; in some it is modified, in some even stifled; but as a rule it is there, and it is indispensable to the inner well-formedness of the faculty of knowledge” (zur innern Wohlgestalt des Erkenntnißvermögens unentbehrlich). Tolstoy drops “is instinct” and ends «она существует и необходима для разумной жизни» (it exists and is necessary for a rational life): the soundness of the faculty of knowledge becomes rational life. He changed the end twice more: «На каждый день», 4 February, no. 6, «необходима для понимания человеком своей жизни» (necessary for man's understanding of his life), and «Путь жизни» (the tolstoy block), «без этой веры человек не может понимать самого себя» (without this belief man cannot understand himself). The OCR garbles “Instinct” («Sue ſtinct») and two places in the sentence, so it is excerpted in four pieces. Tolstoy's listed source, Lichtenberg's Ausgewählte Schriften (Leipzig, 1879), is mis-scanned on archive.org (December's finding), so the first edition of the Vermischte Schriften (Göttingen, 1800) stands in for it; the Jubilee vol. 42 commentary records that on 20 February 1905 Tolstoy and F. A. Strakhov corrected the Circle's Lichtenberg thoughts, Tolstoy dictating his own translation of some. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 6: Litterärische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften I (Göttingen, 1800), pp. 237–238.

Lichtenberg's remark, sentence by sentence, with its first sentence left out and its last changed. Left out: “if our index-like learning now in fashion does not soon come to its winter standstill, there is much to fear” (Wenn unsere jetzt im Schwange gehende registerartige Gelehrsamkeit nicht bald zu ihrem Winterstillstand kommt). Kept closely: man lives only to further his own and his fellows' good as far as his powers and position allow; to reach that end sooner he uses his forebears' attempts; he studies; to study without that aim, only to be able to say what others have done, is to pursue the last of the sciences; such people are as little true scholars “as indexes are books” (als Register Bücher sind), «как каталог — книгой» (as a catalogue is a book) in Tolstoy; to do for posterity what the past did for us is to be a man; must I spend my life on the history of scholars so as not to invent again what is already invented; things are said twice on purpose when the dress is new. Changed: Lichtenberg's “if you have thought for yourself, your invention of a thing already invented will surely always bear the mark of what is your own” (gewiß allemal das Zeichen des Eigenthümlichen an sich tragen) becomes «то твое открытие того, что раньше открыто, будет все-таки нужно» (your discovery of what was discovered before will still be needed): the stamp of originality becomes usefulness. The OCR misreads the long s as f throughout (“feiner” for “seiner”, “fo” for “so”). Tolstoy's listed source, Lichtenberg's Ausgewählte Schriften (Leipzig, 1879), is mis-scanned on archive.org (December's finding), so the first edition stands in for it, as in earlier months. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 5: Pädagogische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften I (Göttingen, 1800), pp. 227–228, the section's first remark.

Lichtenberg's remark, closely, with one sentence left out: the one on public schools, where children learn together and get up to mischief, so that fewer pious sleepyheads are raised, some are lost entirely, and most show their superiority (the third excerpt). Kept: it would be worth examining whether it is harmful to polish too much at the rearing of children; we do not yet know man well enough to take this work wholly out of the hands of chance; if our pedagogues succeed, if children form themselves wholly under their influence, we shall not get a single truly great man; what is most useful in life nobody usually taught us; God forbid that man, whose teacher is the whole of nature, should become a lump of wax in which a professor presses his exalted image. Tolstoy's «воспитывать детей вполне так, как они хотят этого» (raise children wholly as they wish) stands for “daß sich die Kinder ganz unter ihrem Einfluß bilden” (that children form themselves wholly under their influence). The OCR reads “unter ſuchen” for “unterſuchen”. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. II (1801), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 1: Philosophische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften II (Göttingen, 1801), pp. 38–39.

Lichtenberg's two sentences, closely: we know with far more clarity that our will is free than that everything that happens must have a cause; could one not for once turn the argument round and say that our concepts of cause and effect must be very wrong, since our will could not be free if they were right? Tolstoy writes «сознаем» (are conscious) for “wissen” (know). The page break of the 1801 printing falls inside the second sentence, hence its two excerpts; the OCR reads “fägen” for “sagen” and “Fehr” for “sehr”. Tolstoy printed it again in «На каждый день» (27 June). No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. II (1801), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 1: Philosophische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften II (Göttingen, 1801), pp. 88–89.

Lichtenberg's remark, closely: I now really believe that the question whether objects outside us have objective reality has no rational sense; by our nature we are compelled to say of certain objects of our sensation that they are outside us; we cannot do otherwise; the question is almost as foolish as whether the color blue is really blue; we cannot possibly get beyond the question; I say things are outside me because I must regard them so, whatever constitution that “outside me” may otherwise have; on that we cannot judge. Tolstoy writes «самостоятельное существование» (independent existence) for “objective Realität” (objective reality); restates the question as «действительно ли существует то, что мы признаем существующим» (whether what we recognize as existing really exists); and makes “almost as foolish” (fast so thöricht) «так же нелеп» (just as absurd). He italicizes «синяя» and «вне меня сущее» (that being outside me). The OCR reads the long s as f (“find” for “sind”, “faft fo” for “fast so”). Tolstoy's listed source, Lichtenberg's Ausgewählte Schriften (Leipzig, 1879), was not found online, so the first edition stands in for it, as in earlier months. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 1: Philosophische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften I (Göttingen, 1800), pp. 159–160.

One remark of Lichtenberg's, its opening left out and the rest kept closely in its order. Left out: “Man empfiehlt Selbstdenken, oft nur um die Irrthümer anderer beym Studiren von Wahrheit zu unterscheiden. Es ist ein Nutzen, aber ist das alles?” (people recommend thinking for oneself, often only to tell others' errors from truth in study; it is a use, but is that all?), so that Lichtenberg's “dadurch” (by this, thinking for oneself) becomes «при самостоятельном мышлении» (in thinking for oneself). Kept: how much needless reading it spares us; is reading the same as studying; someone has claimed that printing spread learning wider but lessened its content; much reading harms thinking; the greatest thinkers among the scholars he had known were those who had read least; if people were taught how to think, and not forever what to think, misunderstanding would be prevented. Tolstoy writes «не без основания» (not without ground) for “mit großem Grund der Wahrheit” (with great ground of truth), «в ущерб ее качеству и содержанию» (to the harm of its quality and content) for “im Gehalt vermindert” (lessened in content), «которых я изучал» (whom I studied) for “die ich habe kennen gelernt” (whom I have come to know), and «а не только» (and not only) for “und nicht ewig hin” (and not forever). He sets the three parts as paragraphs. The Jubilee commentary (vol. 42) records that on 20 February 1905 Tolstoy and F. A. Strakhov corrected the Circle's Lichtenberg thoughts and that Tolstoy dictated his own translation of some. His listed source, Lichtenberg's Ausgewählte Schriften (Leipzig, 1879), was not found online, so the first edition stands in, as in earlier months; its OCR reads “unz nöthiges” for “unnöthiges”. Tolstoy printed the thought also in «На каждый день» (19 May, no. 6) and «Путь жизни» (tolstoy block). No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 3: Moralische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften I (Göttingen, 1800), pp. 198–199.

The second half of a remark of Lichtenberg's, its first sentence closely and its last recast. Kept: I am so surely convinced that man does everything for his own advantage (the word rightly understood) that I believe it is as necessary to the preservation of the world as sensibility to the preservation of the body; Tolstoy has «для мировой жизни» (for the life of the world) for “zur Erhaltung der Welt” (for the preservation of the world). Changed: “Genug daß unser Vortheil so sehr oft nicht erhalten werden kann, ohne tausend glücklich zu machen, und unsere erste Ursache das Interesse eines Theils so weislich mit dem Interesse vieler andern zu verbinden gewußt hat” (enough that our advantage so very often cannot be gained without making a thousand happy, and that our first cause has known how to join the interest of one part so wisely with that of many others) becomes «Наша «первопричина» так мудро сумела связать интересы одной части с интересами других, что мы не можем сделать себе истинного добра иначе, как сделав его ближнему» (our “first cause” has so wisely joined the interests of one part with those of others that we cannot do ourselves true good except by doing it to our neighbor): “so very often” becomes always, the thousand made happy become the neighbor, and advantage becomes «истинное добро» (true good). Left out: the remark's opening, that it is useful for the philosopher to know that men do everything from interest, but he must not act on it. «На каждый день» (tolstoy block) keeps the thousand made happy. The Jubilee commentary (vol. 42) records that Tolstoy dictated his own translation of some of the Circle's Lichtenberg thoughts on 20 February 1905. The first edition stands in for Tolstoy's Ausgewählte Schriften (1879), as in earlier months; its OCR reads “fo” for “so” and breaks “Erhaltung” as “Erz haltung”, and a page number falls inside the second sentence, so its excerpt begins after it. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 7: Sprachbemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften I (Göttingen, 1800), pp. 275–276.

The first half of Lichtenberg's sentence, closely: in the word “Gelehrter” (a learned man, literally one taught) lies only the notion that much has been taught to someone, not that he has also learned something. Tolstoy writes «что кто-то много чему-то учился» (that someone studied much) for “daß einem vieles gelehrt ist” (that much has been taught to one), and carries Lichtenberg's play on gelehrt and gelernt into «ученый», «учился», and «научился». Left out: the rest of the sentence, that the French therefore say, wittily, not “les enseignés” but “les savans”, and the English not “the taught ones” but “the learned”. The first edition stands in for Tolstoy's Ausgewählte Schriften (1879), as in earlier months. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 4: Beobachtungen über den Menschen, Vermischte Schriften I (Göttingen, 1800), p. 208.

Lichtenberg's remark, closely: to make clever people believe one is what one is not is in most cases harder than really to become what one wishes to seem. Tolstoy writes «считать нас не тем, что мы на самом деле из себя представляем» (take us for other than what we really are) for “glauben zu machen, man sey, was man nicht ist” (make them believe one is what one is not). The Jubilee commentary (vol. 42) records that on 20 February 1905 Tolstoy and F. A. Strakhov corrected the Circle's Lichtenberg thoughts and that Tolstoy dictated his own translation of some. His listed source, Lichtenberg's Ausgewählte Schriften (Leipzig, 1879), was not found online, so the first edition stands in, as in earlier months. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 4: Beobachtungen über den Menschen, Vermischte Schriften I (Göttingen, 1800), p. 225.

Lichtenberg's remark, closely: the pride of men is a strange thing, not easily suppressed; stop up hole A and before you know it it peeps out of another hole B, and hold that shut and it stands behind hole C, and so on. Tolstoy turns the lettered holes into «одну дыру … из другой дыры … из третьей дыры» (one hole … another … a third), writes «заштопал» (darned) for “zugestopft” (stopped up), and adds «та же гордость в другом виде» (the same pride in another guise). He printed the thought twice more, shorter: in «На каждый день» (13 May, no. 8, «По Лихтенбергу») and in «Путь жизни» (tolstoy). The first edition stands in for Tolstoy's Ausgewählte Schriften (1879), as in earlier months; its OCR reads “zugeftopft”. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 2: Psychologische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften I (Göttingen, 1800), p. 178.

The opening remark of Lichtenberg's “Psychologische Bemerkungen”, closely: past pain is pleasant in memory, and so are past, future, and present pleasure; so only future and present pain torments us, a notable preponderance of pleasure in the world, increased further because we constantly seek pleasures whose enjoyment we can often foresee with fair certainty, while pain still to come can be foretold far more rarely. Tolstoy writes «печаль» (sorrow) for “Schmerz” (pain) throughout, folds the list of pleasant things into «наряду с прошедшими, будущими и настоящими удовольствиями» (alongside past, future, and present pleasures), and writes «замечательный перевес» (a remarkable preponderance) for “ein merkliches Uebergewicht” (a notable preponderance). He printed the same text in «На каждый день» (tolstoy). The first edition stands in for Tolstoy's Ausgewählte Schriften (1879), as in earlier months. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 1: Philosophische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften I (Göttingen, 1800), p. 149.

The last four sentences of a remark of Lichtenberg's, closely; its opening is left out (Captain-Lieutenant v. H.'s preference for teaching by machines, that is, by models, on the ground that it is always a gain to reach one's end as early as possible, and Lichtenberg's answer that for those who have the powers a drawing is to be preferred to the model, since the effort to understand a thing teaches it from more sides). Kept: too quick a growth of knowledge got with too little effort of one's own is not very fruitful; learning too can run to leaf without bearing fruit; one often finds very shallow heads that know astonishingly much; what one must find out for oneself leaves in the understanding a track that can be used on another occasion too. Tolstoy writes «не бывает плодотворно» (is not fruitful) for “ist nicht sehr fruchtbar” (is not very fruitful), «вся уйти в листья» (go wholly into leaves) for “ins Laub treiben” (run to leaf), and «к чему человек приходит самостоятельно» (what a man arrives at by himself) for “Was man sich selbst erfinden muß” (what one must invent for oneself), and sets the sentences as three paragraphs. The first edition stands in for Tolstoy's Ausgewählte Schriften (1879), as in earlier months. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. II (1801), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 7: Politische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften II (Göttingen, 1801), p. 205.

Lichtenberg's remark, closely in its first half, its conclusion widened. Lichtenberg: if one found on a distant island a people with every house hung with loaded guns, keeping watch constantly at night, what could a traveler think but that the whole island was inhabited by robbers? And is it otherwise with the European states? “Man sieht hieraus von wie wenigem Einfluß die Religion überhaupt auf Menschen ist, die sonst kein Gesetz über sich erkennen, oder wenigstens, wie weit wir noch von einer wahren Religion entfernt sind” (one sees from this how little influence religion has on men who otherwise recognize no law above them, or at least how far we still are from a true religion). Tolstoy leaves out “die sonst kein Gesetz über sich erkennen” (who otherwise recognize no law above them), so that what Lichtenberg says of states and their rulers is said of people at large, and turns the sentence into an exclamation. He also writes «ходили бы днем и ночью часовые» (sentries would walk day and night) for “man beständig des Nachts Wache hielte” (they kept watch constantly at night) and «заряженными орудиями» (loaded guns) for “mit scharf geladenem Gewehr behängt” (hung with muskets loaded with ball). Lichtenberg goes on that it is abominable that religion itself has caused wars. The scan's OCR reads “steht” for “sieht”. The Jubilee commentary (vol. 42) records that on 20 February 1905 Tolstoy and F. A. Strakhov corrected the Circle's Lichtenberg thoughts; his listed source, Lichtenberg's Ausgewählte Schriften (Leipzig, 1879), was not found online, so the first edition stands in, as in earlier months. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. II (Göttingen, 1801), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 1: Philosophische Bemerkungen, p. 46.

The first clause of Lichtenberg's sentence, closely: whoever will consider the history of philosophy and natural science will find that the greatest discoveries were made by people who held merely probable what others had given out as certain. Tolstoy's «всеми признавалось за несомненное» (was acknowledged by all as certain) widens 'Andere' (others) to everyone. Lichtenberg goes on: so, properly, by adherents of the New Academy, which held the mean between the Stoic's strict certainty and the Sceptic's uncertainty and indifference; Tolstoy stops before it. The scan reads 'woͤhrſcheinlich' for 'wahrſcheinlich'. The Jubilee list of the Circle's sources names Lichtenberg's Ausgewählte Schriften (Leipzig, 1879), not seen. No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. II (Göttingen, 1801), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 15: Gute Rathschläge und Maximen, p. 402.

Word for word: whoever has less than he desires must know that he has more than he is worth. 'Als er werth ist' (than he is worth) becomes «чем заслуживает» (than he deserves). Tolstoy printed it again in На каждый день (14 February, no. 8). No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, new enlarged ed. by his sons, vol. I (Göttingen: Dieterich, 1844), Nachtrag zu den psychologischen Bemerkungen, p. 129.

Lichtenberg's sentence, shortened: whoever is in love with himself has, at least in his love, the advantage that he will not get many rivals. Tolstoy leaves out 'wenigstens bei seiner Liebe' (at least in his love) and writes «у него мало соперников» (he has few rivals) for 'daß er nicht viele Nebenbuhler erhalten wird' (that he will not get many rivals). The aphorism is not in vols. I and II of the first Vermischte Schriften (1800–1801, searched); the 1844 edition, enlarged by Lichtenberg's sons, prints it in a supplement to the psychological remarks. Tolstoy printed it again in На каждый день (22 June, no. 3: «У человека, влюбленного в себя, мало соперников»). No public-domain English was found.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. 2 (Göttingen, 1801), "Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts"; first written in Sudelbuch J, Vol. 2, part II "Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts", section 15 "Gute Rathschläge und Maximen" (manuscript: Sudelbuch J, 1789–1793).

Faithful: the saying (in quotation marks in the 1801 text, italic in Tolstoy) and the roof/shower image are kept; "very many" becomes "many" and the "Regenschauer" a downpour. The 1801 edition reads "Regenschauer" where the manuscript text (Promies, on zeno.org) has "Schauer". No public-domain English translation of this aphorism was found (Project Gutenberg and archive.org searched).

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (Göttingen, 1800), Vermischte Schriften I, the aphorism beginning „Gott schuf den Menschen nach seinem Bilde“.

Faithful. Lichtenberg writes "God created man in his image, that means probably that man created God in his"; Tolstoy adds "They say" and writes out "in his own image" the second time.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. II (Göttingen 1801), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts (Tolstoy's listed source was Lichtenberg's Ausgewählte Schriften, Leipzig 1879), Vermischte Schriften II, pp. 16-17.

Tolstoy keeps the first and last sentences and drops the middle (that it is lucky this idea cannot be made clear, and nature's interest against its being proved).

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. II (Göttingen 1801), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, Vermischte Schriften II, section on religion.

Faithful in each sentence, but Tolstoy drops the opening about wars over worship, the rhetorical "What further need have we of a God?" and the reference to Kant's principle.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. I (Göttingen 1800), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 1: Philosophische Bemerkungen (Tolstoy's listed source was Lichtenberg's Ausgewählte Schriften, ed. E. Reichel, Leipzig 1879), Vermischte Schriften I, pp. 163-164.

Both sentences, closely; Tolstoy drops the "Certainly" with which Lichtenberg answers his own question. The archive.org copy of Reichel's 1879 selection (ausgewhlteschr00lich) is a mis-scan of another book, so the 1800 edition stands in for it.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. II (Göttingen 1801), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 1: Philosophische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften II, pp. 80-81 (the passage November's 11-8.1 draws on).

The first sentence of the paragraph Tolstoy also used, more freely, for Nov 8 (11-8.1), translated closely ("there is absolutely no other way of honouring God than the fulfilment of one's duties and acting according to the laws reason has given"); Tolstoy adds "in essence".

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. II (Göttingen 1801), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 15: Gute Vorschläge und Maximen, Vermischte Schriften II, p. 400.

A close translation of the whole maxim: to make the best of every moment of life, from whatever hand of fate, kind or unkind, it falls to us, is the art of life and the true privilege of a rational being.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. II (Göttingen 1801), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 6: Pädagogische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften II, p. 203.

Both sentences, closely. Lichtenberg wants youth "strengthened" (stärken) for it; Tolstoy says "hardened"; "very much misjudged truth" becomes "a truth far from acknowledged".

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. II (Göttingen 1801), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 1: Philosophische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften II, pp. 41-42.

Faithful up to "of the true constitution of the outer world we have no concept at all"; Tolstoy then drops Lichtenberg's conclusion, "so from this alone no God can be proved" (third excerpt), which was the point of the remark: the order and wise government we see in the world are no proof of God.

The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. II (Göttingen 1801), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 1: Philosophische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften II, pp. 28-29.

Sentence for sentence.