13Decemberдекабря · 13-е декабря
Вера только тогда вера, когда дела жизни согласны с нею и ни в каком случае не противоречат ей.
Faith is faith only when the deeds of life agree with it and in no case contradict it.
1. Что пользы, братия мои, если кто говорит, что он имеет веру, а дел не имеет? может ли эта вера спасти его? Если брат или сестра наги и не имеют дневного пропитания, а кто-нибудь из вас скажет им: идите с миром, грейтесь и питайтесь, но не даст им потребного для тела: что пользы? Так и вера, если не имеет дел, мертва сама по себе. Но скажет кто-нибудь: ты имеешь веру, а я имею дела; покажи мне веру твою без дел твоих, а я покажу тебе веру мою из дел моих. Ибо как тело без духа мертво, так и вера без дел мертва.
1. What does it profit, my brethren, if someone says he has faith but has no works? Can this faith save him? If a brother or sister is naked and has no daily food, and one of you says to them: Go in peace, warm yourselves and eat, but does not give them what the body needs: what does it profit? So faith too, if it has no works, is dead in itself. But someone will say: You have faith, and I have works; show me your faith without your works, and I will show you my faith by my works. For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead.
From James · close to the original .
The Russian Bible (Synodal translation)Что́ пользы, братия мои, если кто говорит, что он имеет веру, а дел не имеет? может ли эта вера спасти его?
Если брат или сестра наги и не имеют дневного пропитания, …
… а кто-нибудь из вас скажет им: «идите с миром, грейтесь и питайтесь», но не даст им потребного для тела: что пользы?
Так и вера, если не имеет дел, мертва сама по себе.
Но скажет кто-нибудь: «ты имеешь веру, а я имею дела»: покажи мне веру твою без дел твоих, а я покажу тебе веру мою из дел моих.
Ибо, как тело без духа мертво, так и вера без дел мертва.
Source text: ru.wikisource.orgIn English · King James Version, 1611What doth it profit, my brethren, though a man say he hath faith, and have not works? can faith save him?
If a brother or sister be naked, and destitute of daily food, …
And one of you say unto them, Depart in peace, be ye warmed and filled; notwithstanding ye give them not those things which are needful to the body; what doth it profit?
Even so faith, if it hath not works, is dead, being alone.
Yea, a man may say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: shew me thy faith without thy works, and I will shew thee my faith by my works.
For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. James, 2:14–18, 26.
The Synodal text of exactly the verses named, word for word, run together as one paragraph and without the quotation marks; verses 19–25 (the demons believe; Abraham and Rahab) are omitted, as the heading says.
Translation note. Tolstoy’s wording, verses 14–18 and 26; the KJV has “can faith save him?”, “be ye warmed and filled”, “is dead, being alone” and “Yea, a man may say”.
2. Кто любит христианство более, чем истину, очень скоро полюбит свою церковь или секту больше христианства и неизбежно кончит тем, что будет любить только себя более всего на свете.
2. He, who begins by loving Christianity better than Truth, will proceed by loving his own Sect or Church better than Christianity, and end in loving himself better than all.
From Aids to Reflection · close to the original .
Tolstoy’s version, in EnglishHe who loves Christianity more than truth will very soon love his own church or sect more than Christianity, and will inevitably end by loving himself alone above everything in the world.
Coleridge’s own wordsHe, who begins by loving Christianity better than Truth, will proceed by loving his own Sect or Church better than Christianity, and end in loving himself better than all.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Aids to Reflection (1825), Moral and Religious Aphorisms, Aphorism XXV (Bell, 1884), Moral and Religious Aphorisms, XXV.
The aphorism, closely translated, with a little emphasis added: "will proceed" becomes "will very soon come to love", and "end in" becomes "will inevitably end by loving only himself more than anything in the world". Coleridge's own sentence is printed here.
Translation note. Tolstoy kept the author’s words closely, so the author’s own English is printed here (ruling 1); Tolstoy’s Russian, translated, is in the source panel.
3. В сущности, есть только одно средство почитания бога — это исполнение своих обязанностей и поведение, сообразное с законами разума.
3. In essence there is only one means of honoring God — the doing of one’s duties and conduct in accordance with the laws of reason.
From Vermischte Schriften, vol. II · close to the original .
Original · GermanEs gibt ſchlechterdings keine andere Art Gott zu verehren, als die Erfüllung ſei— ner Pflichten und Handeln nach Geſetzen, die die Vernunft gegeben hat.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Vermischte Schriften, vol. II (Göttingen 1801), Bemerkungen vermischten Inhalts, 1: Philosophische Bemerkungen, Vermischte Schriften II, pp. 80-81 (the passage November's 11-8.1 draws on).
The first sentence of the paragraph Tolstoy also used, more freely, for Nov 8 (11-8.1), translated closely ("there is absolutely no other way of honouring God than the fulfilment of one's duties and acting according to the laws reason has given"); Tolstoy adds "in essence".
4. Религиозные упражнения для славы людской или для внешнего вида святости не имеют цены и происходят от низших требований души. Покаяние и самоистязание или истязание других происходят из ложных учений. Покаяние для тела — это целомудрие. Покаяние для речи — это то, чтобы говорить всегда правду и с добротою. Покаяние для мысли — это то, чтобы владеть собою, очищать душу и быть расположенным к добру.
4. Religious exercises done for human glory or for an outward show of holiness have no worth and come from the lower demands of the soul. Penance and self-torment, or the tormenting of others, come from false teachings. Penance of the body is chastity. Penance of speech is always to speak the truth, and with kindness. Penance of thought is to master oneself, to purify the soul and to be disposed toward the good.
From Mahābhārata, Bhīṣma Parva: Bhagavad Gītā ch. 17 · shortened by Tolstoy .
What Tolstoy read · Moncure D. Conway, The Sacred Anthology… exercises performed to obtain reputation, or for an air of sanctity, are of little worth, and come from inferior influences on the soul.
… tormentings, or exercises tormenting to others, these have their source in the region of shadows.
… of the body is to be chaste ; the penance of the words is to speak always with truth and kindness ; the penance of thought is to control self, to purify the soul, to be silent, and disposed to benevolence.
Source text: archive.orgOriginal · Sanskritब्रह्मचर्यमहिंसा च शारीरं तप उच्यते
अनुद्वेगकरं वाक्यं सत्यं प्रियहितं च यत्
मनःप्रसादः सम्यत्वं मौनमात्मविनिग्रहः
भावसंशुद्धिरित्येतत्तपो मानसमुच्यते
सत्कारमानपूजाराथं तपो दम्भेन चैव यत्
मूढग्राहेणात्मनो यत्पीडया क्रियते तपः
परस्योत्सादनार्थं वा तत्तामसमुदाहृतम्
Source text: sa.wikisource.orgIn English · Edwin Arnold (The Song Celestial), 1885Words causing no man woe, words ever true, Gentle and pleasing words, …
Serenity of soul, benignity, Sway of the silent Spirit, constant stress To sanctify the Nature,--these things make Good rite, and true religiousness of Mind.
Religion shown in act of proud display To win good entertainment, worship, fame, Such--say I--is of Rajas, rash and vain.
Religion followed by a witless will To torture self, or come at power to hurt Another,--'tis of Tamas, dark and ill.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Mahābhārata, Bhīṣma Parva: Bhagavad Gītā ch. 17, BG 17.14-19 (= Mbh 6.41.14-19, Wikisource numbering).
Translated almost word for word from Conway's English ('Religious exercises performed to obtain reputation, or for an air of sanctity, are of little worth, and come from inferior influences on the soul ... the penance of the body is to be chaste; the penance of the words is to speak always with truth and kindness; the penance of thought is to control self, to purify the soul, to be silent, and disposed to benevolence'); Tolstoy drops only 'to be silent', and Conway's 'region of shadows' (tamas) becomes 'false teachings'. Conway himself condenses and reverses the Gita: vv. 18-19 (rajasic austerity for honour and show; tamasic austerity by self-torture or to harm another) come first, and the three austerities of vv. 14-16 are cut to chastity, truthful and kind speech, and self-control, purity, silence and goodwill (the Gita also names worship, purity, uprightness and non-injury for the body, scripture study for speech).
5. Поступай днем так, чтобы ночью твой сон был спокоен, а в молодости так, чтобы старость твоя была спокойна.
5. Act by day so that your sleep at night may be peaceful, and in youth so that your old age may be peaceful.
From Mahābhārata, Udyoga Parva · shortened by Tolstoy .
Original · Sanskritदिवसेनैव तत्कुर्याद्येन रात्रौ सुखं वसेत्
पूर्वे वयसि तत्कुर्याद्येन वृद्धः सुखं वसेत्
Source text: sa.wikisource.orgIn English · K. M. Ganguli (publ. P. C. Roy), 1886Do that during the day which may enable thee to pass the night in happiness ; and do that during eight months of the year which may enable thee to pass the season of rains happily. Do that during youth which may ensure a happy old age ; …
Source text: archive.orgTolstoy’s own version · «Мысли мудрых людей на каждый день»Поступай днем так, чтобы ночью твой сон был спокоен, а в молодости так, чтобы старость твоя была спокойна.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Mahābhārata, Udyoga Parva (Prajāgara Parva, Vidura's counsel to Dhṛtarāṣṭra), 5.35.57-58 (Wikisource numbering); Ganguli, Udyoga Parva sec. XXXV.
Vidura's verses: 'do by day what lets you live happily at night, in eight months what lets you live happily in the rains, in youth what lets you live happily when old, all your life what lets you live happily after death'. Tolstoy keeps the first and third pairs, drops the rainy season and the life hereafter, and makes 'live happily' 'sleep in peace' / 'be at peace'. The same text is in his 1903 anthology; the anthology or calendar he took it from was not identified (the Jubilee commentary traces one other 'Indian saying' of 1903 to the 1902 «Просвещение» calendar).
6. Тот, чья вера слаба, не может и в других возбудить веры.
6. He whose faith is weak cannot awaken faith in others either.
From Tao Te Ching · close to the original .
What Tolstoy read · Paul Carus, Lao-Tze's Tao-Teh-KingIf your faith be insufficient, verily, you will receive no faith.
He whose faith is insufficient shall not find faith.
Source text: archive.orgIn English · James Legge, 1891Thus it was that when faith (in the Tao) was deficient (in the rulers) a want of faith in them ensued (in the people).
Source text: gutenberg.orgTolstoy’s own version · «Мысли мудрых людей на каждый день»Тот, чья вера слаба, не может и в других возбудить веры.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Tao Te Ching, ch. 17 (the same line closes ch. 23).
The line 信不足焉，有不信焉 ('where faith is insufficient, there is no faith [in return]'), in ch. 17 said of rulers and the people, and repeated at the end of ch. 23. Tolstoy's 'cannot awaken faith in others' follows that sense; Carus has 'you will receive no faith' (17) and 'shall not find faith' (23). Faithful to the line; the context is dropped.
7. У кого религия на втором месте, у того ее совсем нет. Бог совместим со многим в сердце человека, но несовместимо одно, чтобы он был в сердце на втором месте. Тот, кто отводит ему второстепенное место, — не отводит никакого.
7. Anything which makes religion its second object, makes religion no object. God will put up with a great many things in the human heart, but there is one thing He will not put up with in it — a second place. He who offers God a second place, offers Him no place.
From Lectures on Architecture and Painting, delivered at Edinburgh in November 1853, Lecture … · close to the original .
Tolstoy’s version, in EnglishHe who puts religion in second place has none at all. God is compatible with much in a man’s heart, but one thing is incompatible with him: being in second place in the heart. He who gives him a secondary place gives him none.
John Ruskin’s own wordsNow you all know, that anything which makes religion its second object, makes religion _no_ object. God will put up with a great many things in the human heart, but there is one thing He will _not_ put up with in it--a second place. He who offers God a second place, offers Him no place.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Lectures on Architecture and Painting, delivered at Edinburgh in November 1853, Lecture IV 'Pre-Raphaelitism' (18 November 1853), Lecture IV, §120.
Close, three sentences in order: 'anything which makes religion its second object, makes religion no object' becomes 'whoever has religion in second place has none at all'; 'God will put up with a great many things in the human heart' becomes 'God is compatible with much in a man's heart'; 'He who offers God a second place, offers Him no place' is kept exactly. In Ruskin the point is about ancient and modern art. Ruskin's own words are printed here; in Ruskin they begin mid-sentence.
Translation note. Tolstoy kept the author’s words closely, so the author’s own English is printed here (ruling 1); Tolstoy’s Russian, translated, is in the source panel.
8. Конечная цель жизни человека и всего мира не может быть понятна для него, как для работника, доставляющего строительные материалы для постройки, не может быть понятна ни форма, ни назначение строящегося здания. Но человек может знать и знает, что то, в созидании чего он участвует, есть нечто разумное, прекрасное и нужное для него и для всего мира. В этом вера.
8. The final aim of our life and of the whole world cannot be understood by us, just as neither the form nor the purpose of a building going up can be understood by a laborer who brings the materials for it. But we can know, and do know, that what we take part in creating is something reasonable, beautiful and needed, for us and for the whole world. In this lies faith.
Не верьте словам ни своим, ни чужим, верьте только делам и своим и чужим.
Do not believe words, either your own or others’; believe only deeds, both your own and others’.
Tolstoy TodayТолстой сегодня · tolstoytoday.org/december/13