27Novemberноября · 27-е ноября
Если страсть овладевает тобою, то помни, что твое страстное желание не составляет твоей души, а только темный налет, временно скрывающий от тебя ее истинные свойства.
When a passion takes hold of you, remember that your passionate desire is not your soul, but only a dark film that for a time hides from you its true nature.
1. Будь светильником для самого себя. Будь убежищем для себя. Держись света твоего светильника и не ищи другого прибежища.
1. Be a lamp to yourself. Be a refuge to yourself. Hold to the light of your own lamp, and seek no other refuge.
From Mahāparinibbāna Sutta · shortened by Tolstoy .
Original · PaliTasmātihānanda, attadīpā viharatha attasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā, dhammadīpā dhammasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā.
Source text: raw.githubusercontent.comIn English · T. W. Rhys Davids (Buddhist Suttas, SBE 11), 1881Therefore, O Ananda, be ye lamps unto yourselves. Be ye a refuge to yourselves. Betake yourselves to no external refuge. Hold fast to the truth as a lamp.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Mahāparinibbāna Sutta, DN 16, 2.26 (Rhys Davids ch. II.33).
The Buddha's words to Ananda, condensed: 'hold fast to the truth as a lamp' becomes 'hold to the light of your lamp', and the doubled 'truth as refuge' is dropped.
2. Душу можно сравнить с прозрачным шаром, освещенным изнутри собственным светом своим. Этот огонь есть для нее не только источник всякого света и истины, но и освещает ей всё внешнее. В таком состоянии она свободна и счастлива, только пристрастие к внешнему может взволновать и омрачить ее гладкую поверхность, причиняя преломление и ущерб света.
2. The soul may be likened to a transparent sphere lit from within by its own light. This fire is for it not only the source of all light and truth, but also lights up for it everything outside. In this state it is free and happy; only attachment to outward things can disturb and darken its smooth surface, bending the light and dimming it.
From Meditations · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changedThe soul’s sphere is made “lit from within by its own light.” †
† An intermediate translation may have made this change.
Original · Ancient GreekΣφαῖρα ψυχῆς αὐτοειδής, ὅταν μήτε ἐκτείνηται ἐπί τι μήτε ἔσω συντρέχῃ μήτε σπειρᾶται μήτε συνιζάνῃ, ἀλλὰ φωτὶ λάμπηται ᾧ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ὁρᾷ τὴν πάντων καὶ τὴν ἐν αὑτῇ.
Source text: raw.githubusercontent.comIn English · George Long, 1862The spherical form of the soul maintains its figure when it is neither extended towards any object, nor contracted inwards, nor dispersed, nor sinks down, but is illuminated by light, by which it sees the truth,--the truth of all things and the truth that is in itself …
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Meditations, XI.12 (cf. VIII.41, XII.3).
Marcus's sphere of the soul, shining with a light by which it sees the truth of all things and of itself, is kept; Tolstoy makes it 'transparent', lit 'from within by its own light', and adds that only attachment to external things can ruffle its smooth surface, causing refraction and loss of light — an elaboration (probably via an intermediary paraphrase) not in the Greek.
3. Во всех людях есть чувство милосердия, стыда и ненависти к пороку. Каждый может посредством самовоспитания возрастить эти чувства или дать им завянуть. Чувства эти составляют часть самого человека, так же как и члены его тела. И чувства эти так же, как и члены тела, могут быть воспитаны. На горе Никоншау растут прекрасные деревья. Когда их стволы срезаны, вырастают постоянно новые побеги; если пустить по ним скотину, то гора сделается голой. Оголение горы не свойственно ей. Так же и развращение души: если мы допустим низкие страсти поедать благородные побеги милосердия, стыда, ненависти к пороку в нашем сердце, разве мы скажем вследствие этого, что всех этих чувств нет в сердце человека? Знать закон неба — значит развивать высшие свойства нашей природы.
3. In all men there is a feeling of mercy, of shame, and of hatred of vice. Each can, by educating himself, make these feelings grow or let them wither. These feelings are part of man himself, just as the limbs of his body are. And these feelings, like the limbs of the body, can be trained. On Mount Nikonshau beautiful trees grow. When their trunks are cut down, new shoots keep springing up; if cattle are let in to graze on them, the mountain becomes bare. Bareness is not natural to the mountain. So too with the corruption of the soul: if we let base passions devour the noble shoots of mercy, shame and hatred of vice in our heart, shall we say on that account that none of these feelings are in the heart of man? To know the law of heaven is to develop the higher qualities of our nature.
From Mencius · joined by Tolstoy from several places .
What Tolstoy read · G. Pauthier, Confucius et Mencius: Les quatre livres de philosophie morale et politique …Les hommes ont en eux-mêmes ces quatre principes, comme ils ont quatre membres.
8. MENG-TSEU dit: Les arbres du mont Nieou-chan[7] étaient beaux.
Mais les bœufs et les moutons y sont venus paître et les ont endommagés. C'est pourquoi la montagne est aussi nue et aussi dépouillée qu'on la voit maintenant.
Cet état de la montagne est-il son état naturel?
1. MENG-TSEU dit: Celui qui développe toutes les facultés de son principe pensant connaît sa nature rationnelle; une fois que l'on connaît sa nature rationnelle, alors on connaît le ciel[1].
Source text: gutenberg.orgOriginal · Classical Chinese牛山之木嘗美矣。以其郊於大國也，斧斤伐之，可以為美乎？是其日夜之所息，雨露之所潤，非無萌蘗之生焉，牛羊又從而牧之，是以若彼濯濯也。
人見其濯濯也，以為未嘗有材焉，此豈山之性也哉？雖存乎人者，豈無仁義之心哉？
Source text: zh.wikisource.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Mencius, II.A.6 (four sentiments as four limbs) + VI.A.8 (Ox Mountain) + VII.A.1 (knowing Heaven).
Joined from three chapters. 'Никоншау' is Pauthier's 'Nieou-chan' (Ox Mountain) misread, which points to Pauthier as the source. Tolstoy names three of the four sentiments (compassion, shame, hatred of vice; Pauthier's 'honte' and 'aversion'), compresses the Ox Mountain parable (axes, regrowth, grazing cattle) and makes the passions 'eat' the shoots; the closing 'to know the law of Heaven is to develop the higher properties of our nature' reverses VII.A.1 ('he who develops his mind knows his nature; knowing his nature, he knows Heaven'). No public-domain English translation was consulted.
Translation note. “Mount Nikonshau” keeps Tolstoy’s transliteration; Mencius (6A:8) names Ox Mountain (Niushan).
4. В тебе самом, внутри тебя источник добра. Он не перестанет журчать по мере того, как ты будешь раскапывать его.
4. In yourself, within you, is the spring of good. It will not cease to flow as long as you keep digging it out.
From Meditations · close to the original .
Original · Ancient GreekἜνδον σκάπτε, ἔνδον ἡ πηγὴ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ ἀεὶ ἀναβλύειν δυναμένη, ἐὰν ἀεὶ σκάπτῃς.
Source text: raw.githubusercontent.comIn English · George Long, 1862Look within. Within is the fountain of good, and it will ever bubble up, if thou wilt ever dig.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Meditations, VII.59.
Faithful; 'dig within' is folded into 'in you, within you', and 'it will not cease to murmur' renders 'ever bubble up'.
5. Душа человека есть зеркало, в котором можно видеть образ божественного разума.
5. The soul of man is a mirror in which the image of the divine reason may be seen.
From Modern Painters, vol. V · shortened by Tolstoy .
John Ruskin’s own wordsSo that the soul of man is still a mirror, wherein may be seen, darkly, the image of the mind of God.
… the soul of man is a mirror of the mind of God. A mirror dark, distorted, broken, use what blameful words you please of its state; yet in the main, a true mirror, out of which alone, and by which alone, we can know anything of God at all.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Modern Painters, vol. V (1860), Part IX, chapter I 'The Dark Mirror', §11, Part IX, ch. I, §11.
Close to the first excerpt, minus 'still' and 'darkly': Ruskin's 'the soul of man is still a mirror, wherein may be seen, darkly, the image of the mind of God' is the sentence Tolstoy translates.
Как только почувствуешь вожделение страсти, вызови в себе сознание своей божественности. Как только почувствуешь затемнение своей божественности, знай, что тобой обладают страсти — борись с ними.
As soon as you feel the craving of passion, call up in yourself the consciousness of your divinity. As soon as you feel your divinity darkened, know that passions have taken hold of you — and fight them.
Tolstoy TodayТолстой сегодня · tolstoytoday.org/november/27