11Marchмарта · 11-е марта
Как пища есть необходимое условие жизни отдельного человека, так брак есть необходимое условие жизни человечества; и как злоупотребление пищей порождает зло для отдельного человека, так и злоупотребления брака порождают величайший вред для отдельного человека и для человечества.
As food is a necessary condition of the life of the individual, so marriage is a necessary condition of the life of humanity; and as the abuse of food gives rise to evil for the individual, so the abuses of marriage give rise to the greatest harm both for the individual and for humanity.
1. Сожительство, последствием которого может быть деторождение, есть истинный, действительный брак; всякие же обряды, заявления, условия не составляют брака и употребляются большею частью для того, чтобы признать все предшествующие сожительства не браком.
1. Cohabitation whose consequence may be the birth of children is true, actual marriage; no rites, declarations, or agreements constitute marriage, and they are used for the most part to declare that all previous cohabitations were not marriage.
Translation note. The Russian italic is broken only at the commas; it is set here as one span.
2. Ты можешь пренебречь своею обязанностью перед супругом или супругой, можешь избавиться от той печали, которую дают тебе эти обязанности, можешь уйти. Но что же ты найдешь?
Ту же печаль, но без сознания исполненной обязанности.
2. You can neglect your duty to your husband or your wife, you can free yourself from the sorrow that these duties bring you, you can leave. But what will you find?
The same sorrow, but without the consciousness of duty fulfilled.
From Romola · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changedSavonarola’s words to Romola become a saying on marriage, the duties named, after the title of Coit’s chapter, as those “to your husband or your wife,” and “Sorrow without duty—bitter herbs, and no bread with them” becomes “the same sorrow, but without the consciousness of duty fulfilled.”
What Tolstoy read · Stanton Coit, The Message of Man: A Book of Ethical ScripturesThou mayest choose to forsake thy duties, and choose not to have the sorrow they bring. But thou wilt go forth, and what wilt thou find : Sorrow without duty, bitter herbs, and no bread with them.
Source text: archive.orgGeorge Eliot’s own wordsI say again, man cannot choose his duties. You may choose to forsake your duties, and choose not to have the sorrow they bring. But you will go forth; and what will you find, my daughter? Sorrow without duty—bitter herbs, and no bread with them.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Romola (1862-63), ch. XL 'An Arresting Voice', Ch. XL, Savonarola to Romola, who is leaving Florence and her husband.
Changed in two places. Coit's The Message of Man, in Tolstoy's list of sources, prints Savonarola's words in the second person singular in its chapter 'The Marriage Bond is Holy', and Tolstoy names the duties as those 'to husband or wife' (перед супругом или супругой), which Coit's chapter title supplies (in the novel Romola is leaving her husband). The ending 'Sorrow without duty, bitter herbs, and no bread with them' becomes 'The same sorrow, but without the consciousness of duty fulfilled' (Ту же печаль, но без сознания исполненной обязанности). 'You may choose to forsake your duties, and choose not to have the sorrow they bring. But you will go forth' becomes 'you may neglect your duty ..., may rid yourself of the sorrow these duties give you, may go away'. The paragraph break before the last line is Tolstoy's. Tileston's Daily Strength for Daily Needs (23 October) prints the same passage, without the marriage. No printable.
3. Брак, как условие, есть обязательство двух людей разных полов иметь детей только друг от друга. Нарушение этого условия есть обман, измена и преступление.
3. Marriage, as an agreement, is the obligation of two people of different sexes to have children only by each other. The violation of this agreement is a deception, a betrayal, and a crime.
4. Великое дело то, когда две души чувствуют, что они соединены навеки с тем, чтобы поддерживать друг друга во всяком труде, во всяком горе, помогать друг другу во всяком страдании и быть соединенным друг с другом в те молчаливые невыразимые минуты последнего прощания.
4. It is a great thing when two souls feel that they are united forever, to support each other in every labor, in every sorrow, to help each other in every suffering, and to be united with each other in those silent, inexpressible moments of the last farewell.
From Adam Bede · close to the original .
What Tolstoy read · Stanton Coit, The Message of Man: A Book of Ethical Scriptures… minister to each other in all pain, to be one with each other in silent unspeakable memories at the moment of the last parting ?
Source text: archive.orgGeorge Eliot’s own wordsWhat greater thing is there for two human souls than to feel that they are joined for life—to strengthen each other in all labour, to rest on each other in all sorrow, to minister to each other in all pain, to be one with each other in silent unspeakable memories at the moment of the last parting?
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Adam Bede (1859), ch. LIV 'The Meeting on the Hill', Ch. LIV, the closing paragraph, after Adam and Dinah's betrothal.
Close. The question becomes a statement ('A great thing it is when two souls feel...'); 'joined for life' becomes 'joined forever' (навеки); 'to strengthen each other in all labour, to rest on each other in all sorrow' becomes one clause, 'to support each other in every labour, in every sorrow'; and 'silent unspeakable memories at the moment of the last parting' becomes 'those silent, unspeakable minutes of the last parting' (минуты). Coit's The Message of Man opens its chapter 'The Marriage Bond is Holy' with this sentence, and the same chapter holds the lines of 3-11.2; Tolstoy probably took both from it. Eliot's sentence is printed here; the reviewer may prefer Tolstoy's version, since two clauses are joined and 'memories' becomes 'minutes'.
5. Какого великого блага могут достигнуть два любящие супруга, если они поставят своей целью совершенствование и будут помогать в этом друг другу: напоминанием, советом, примером?
5. How great a good can two loving spouses attain if they make perfection their aim and help each other in it: by reminders, by counsel, by example?
6. И приступили ко Христу фарисеи и, искушая его, говорили ему: по всякой ли причине позволительно человеку разводиться с женою своею?
Он сказал им в ответ: не читали ли вы, что сотворивший в начале мужчину и женщину сотворил их? И сказал: посему оставит человек отца и мать и прилепится к жене своей, и будут два одною плотью (Быт. 1, 27; 2, 24). Так что они уже не двое, но одна плоть. Итак, чтò бог сочетал, того человек да не разлучает.
6. And the Pharisees came to Christ and, tempting him, said to him: Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any cause?
He said to them in answer: Have you not read that he who created them in the beginning created them male and female? And he said: For this reason a man shall leave father and mother and cleave to his wife, and the two shall be one flesh (Genesis 1:27; 2:24). So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let not man separate.
From Matthew · close to the original .
The Russian Bible (Synodal translation)И приступили к Нему фарисеи и, искушая Его, говорили Ему: по всякой ли причине позволительно человеку разводиться с женою своею?
Он сказал им в ответ: не читали ли вы, что Сотворивший вначале мужчину и женщину сотворил их?
… так что они уже не двое, но одна плоть. Итак, что Бог сочетал, того человек да не разлучает.
Source text: ru.wikisource.orgIn English · King James Version, 1611The Pharisees also came unto him, tempting him, and saying unto him, Is it lawful for a man to put away his wife for every cause?
What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Matthew, 19:3–6.
The Synodal text with «ко Христу» for «к Нему», «в начале» for «вначале», the reference «(Быт. 1, 27; 2, 24)» added after verse 5, and verse 6 begun as a new sentence.
7. Всякий, разводящийся с женою своею и женящийся на другой, прелюбодействует, и всякий, женящийся на разведенной с мужем, прелюбодействует.
7. Everyone who divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery, and everyone who marries a woman divorced from her husband commits adultery.
From Luke · close to the original .
The Russian Bible (Synodal translation)Всякий, разводящийся с женою своею и женящийся на другой, прелюбодействует, и всякий, женящийся на разведенной с мужем, прелюбодействует.
Source text: ru.wikisource.orgIn English · King James Version, 1611Whosoever putteth away his wife, and marrieth another, committeth adultery: and whosoever marrieth her that is put away from her husband committeth adultery.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Luke, 16:18.
Signed Luke 26:18, but Luke has 24 chapters. The text is Luke 16:18 in the Synodal translation word for word; the parallels differ (Matthew 5:32 and 19:9 add "except for fornication", Mark 10:11–12 speaks of the woman who divorces), so the correction to Luke 16:18 is certain.
Translation note. Luke has twenty-four chapters; the reference is printed as Luke 26:18 and kept. The verse is Luke 16:18.
Соединение мужчины и женщины для продолжения рода человеческого есть дело такое великое и важное и для каждого отдельного человека и для всего человечества, что делать его нельзя кое-как и как кому вздумается и как кому приятно, а надо делать его так, как решили о нем и обдумали его жившие прежде нас мудрые и святые люди.
The union of a man and a woman for the continuation of the human race is a matter so great and important, both for each individual and for all humanity, that it must not be done haphazardly, or as the whim takes anyone, or as anyone finds pleasant, but must be done as the wise and holy people who lived before us decided about it and thought it through.
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