14Juneиюня · 14-е июня
Как мало нужно усилия для того, чтобы не осуждать ближнего, и как облегчается жизнь того, кто не осуждает других. А как мало людей делают это усилие.
How little effort is needed not to condemn our neighbor, and how much easier life becomes for those who do not condemn others. Yet how few people make this effort.
1. В житиях святых есть рассказ про то, как старец, увидав во сне умершего слабого по жизни монаха в лучшем месте рая и спросив, за что удостоился этот нестòящий, со многими слабостями монах такого великого блага, получил ответ: за то, что он в жизни своей не осудил никого.
1. In the Lives of the Saints there is a story of how an elder saw in a dream, in the best place in paradise, a monk who had died and who had been weak in his way of life, and when he asked why this worthless monk, with his many weaknesses, had been found worthy of so great a good, he received the answer: Because in his life he condemned no one.
2. Итак, неизвинителен ты, всякий человек, судящий другого, ибо тем же судом, каким судишь другого, осуждаешь себя, потому что, судя другого, делаешь то же.
2. Therefore you are inexcusable, every man who judges another; for by the same judgment with which you judge another you condemn yourself, because in judging another you do the same.
From Romans · close to the original .
The Russian Bible (Synodal translation)Итак, неизвинителен ты, всякий человек, судящий ''другого,'' ибо тем же судом, каким судишь другого, осуждаешь себя, потому что, судя ''другого,'' делаешь то́ же.
Source text: ru.wikisource.orgIn English · King James Version, 1611Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Romans, 2:1.
The Synodal text word for word. The Synodal printing sets «другого» in italics twice, as a word the translators supplied; Tolstoy's text has no italics.
Translation note. Tolstoy’s wording; the KJV has “Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things.”
3. Не осуждайте чужих поступков. Осуждая других, мы себя напрасно тревожим и впадаем в большие ошибки. Вникайте в самих себя, и труд ваш не останется тщетным.
3. Do not condemn the actions of others. In condemning others we trouble ourselves needlessly and fall into great mistakes. Examine yourselves closely, and your labor will not be in vain.
From “Pious Thoughts” [Thomas à Kempis].
From De imitatione Christi, in the Russian of «Благочестивые мысли и наставления для руководс… · close to the original .
What Tolstoy read · «Благочестивые мысли и наставления для руководства христианина на пути к совершенству»Не осуждайте чужих поступков. Осуждая других, мы себя напрасно тревожим и впадаем в большие ошибки. Вникайте в самих себя и труд ваш не останется тщетным.
Source text: azbyka.ruOriginal · LatinAd te ipsum oculos reflecte et aliorum facta caveas judicare. In judicando alios homo frustra laborat, sæpius errat, et leviter peccat. Se ipsum vero judicando et discutiendo semper fructuose laborat.
Source text: la.wikisource.orgIn English · William Benham, 1874Look well unto thyself, and beware that thou judge not the doings of others. In judging others a man laboureth in vain; he often erreth, and easily falleth into sin; but in judging and examining himself he always laboureth to good purpose.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. De imitatione Christi, in the Russian of «Благочестивые мысли и наставления для руководства христианина на пути к совершенству» (Moscow, 1872 printing; Tolstoy used the 3rd edition, 1879), Imitation I.14.1; the anthology § II.39.
Tolstoy copies the anthology word for word (one comma added). The anthology renders Imitation I.14.1 freely, in three sentences: “turn your eyes upon yourself and beware of judging the deeds of others” (Ad te ipsum oculos reflecte et aliorum facta caveas judicare) becomes «Не осуждайте чужих поступков» (do not judge others' deeds), its first half moved to the end as «Вникайте в самих себя» (look into yourselves); “in judging others a man labors in vain, often errs, and easily sins” becomes «Осуждая других, мы себя напрасно тревожим и впадаем в большие ошибки» (judging others, we trouble ourselves in vain and fall into great errors), without “easily sins” (leviter peccat); and “but in judging and examining himself he always labors fruitfully” becomes «и труд ваш не останется тщетным» (and your labor will not be in vain). The anthology's preface says its thoughts come from the Holy Fathers and other ancient and modern writers whom it does not name. February's 2-8.5, the anthology's next thought (§ II.40), was traced to the same sentence of the Imitation as near in thought.
4. Чем строже и безжалостнее осудишь себя, тем справедливее и снисходительнее будешь судить других.
4. The more strictly and mercilessly you condemn yourself, the more justly and leniently you will judge others.
Source not found yet .
Not found yet.
No source was found. The thought is near Analects XV.14, which Tolstoy used on June 7 (6-7.7, Pauthier: 'Soyez sévères envers vous-mêmes et indulgents envers les autres'), but says something else: the more strictly one condemns oneself, the more justly and leniently one judges others. In Thoughts of Wise Men, the Jubilee vol. 40 commentary says, «Конфуций» marks D. Konissi's Russian Great Learning (1893) and Zhongyong (1895), neither online (May, 5-15.5); the sentence may come from one of them.
Searched: Thoughts of Wise Men (1903) and its source list (Jubilee vol. 40); the Jubilee vols. 41-42; Pauthier's Four Books (Lun-yu, Ta-hio, Tchoung-young, Meng-tseu); Legge's Analects; Conway's Sacred Anthology; the saved issues of The World's Advance-Thought; a web search for «строже и безжалостнее осудишь себя».
Translation note. The Russian italic is broken only at the comma; it is set here as one span.
5. Не ищи славы в бесславии других.
Человеку доброму подобает скрывать позор других, даже тех, которые нанесли ему вред.
Не напоминай кающемуся про его прежние прегрешения.
5. Do not seek glory in the disgrace of others.
It befits a good man to hide the shame of others, even of those who have done him harm.
Do not remind a penitent of his former transgressions.
From Babylonian Talmud, Bava Metzia · joined by Tolstoy from several places .
In English · S. H. Glick, En Jacob (Ein Yaakov), 1916–21 (via Sefaria), 1921How so? If a person has repented one must not say to him. Remember thy former acts.
Source text: sefaria.orgRelated · Genesis Rabbahדְּאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר חֲנִינָא כָּל הַמִּתְכַּבֵּד בִּקְלוֹן חֲבֵרוֹ אֵין לוֹ חֵלֶק לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא
Source text: sefaria.orgTolstoy’s own version · Мысли мудрых людей на каждый деньНе ищи славы в бесславии других.
Человеку развитому подобает скрывать позор других, даже тех, которые нанесли ему вред.
Не напоминай кающемуся про его прежние прегрешения.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Babylonian Talmud, Bava Metzia, 58b (third sentence); Genesis Rabbah 1:5 (first sentence); the second not found.
From Thoughts of Wise Men (1903), August 13, where the three sayings stand under one signature, with «доброму» (good) for «развитому» (cultivated) in the second. The third is the baraita in Bava Metzia 58b, on wronging with words (also Mishnah Bava Metzia 4:10): "if he was a penitent, let him not say to him, remember your former deeds", kept close. The first is Rabbi Yose bar Hanina's saying in Genesis Rabbah 1:5 (related), "whoever gains honour through his fellow's disgrace has no share in the world to come", made a precept, «Не ищи славы в бесславии других» (do not seek glory in the disgrace of others), with the world to come left out; the Jerusalem Talmud has the same saying (Chagigah 2:1), whose only Hebrew text found online is a modern edition under licence, not saved. The second sentence, «Человеку доброму подобает скрывать позор других, даже тех, которые нанесли ему вред» (it befits a good man to hide the disgrace of others, even of those who have harmed him), was not found; Proverbs 12:16, "a prudent man covereth shame", is near it in wording. Genesis Rabbah is a midrash, outside the Talmud. Tolstoy's Talmud sayings in that book came from his two Russian anthologies, Gurvich's «Живая мораль» (1901) and «Мировоззрение талмудистов» (1874–76) (Jubilee vol. 40 commentary), neither of them online.
6. Легко замечать заблуждения других, но трудно заметить свои; любят разбираться в ошибках своих ближних, но скрывают свои, как вор старается спрятать свою отмычку.
Человек любит осуждать других; он смотрит только на ошибки людей, а его собственные страсти разрастаются всё более и более, удаляя его от улучшения.
6. It is easy to notice the errors of others, but hard to notice one’s own; people love to pick over the mistakes of their neighbors, but hide their own, as a thief tries to hide his picklock.
Man loves to condemn others; he looks only at the mistakes of people, and his own passions grow more and more, drawing him away from improvement.
From Dhammapada · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changedBeing “far from the destruction of passions” becomes being drawn “away from improvement,” and the cheat who hides “the bad die” becomes “a thief” hiding “his picklock.” †
† An intermediate translation may have made this change.
Original · PaliSudassaṁ vajjamaññesaṁ, …
Attano pana chādeti, …
… kaliṁva kitavā saṭho.
Āsavā tassa vaḍḍhanti, …
Source text: raw.githubusercontent.comIn English · F. Max Müller, 1881252. The fault of others is easily perceived, but that of oneself is difficult to perceive; a man winnows his neighbour's faults like chaff, but his own fault he hides, as a cheat hides the bad die from the gambler.
253. If a man looks after the faults of others, and is always inclined to be offended, his own passions will grow, and he is far from the destruction of passions.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Dhammapada, vv. 252-253 (Malavagga).
Dhammapada 252-253, reworded. Max Müller: 'The fault of others is easily perceived, but that of oneself is difficult to perceive; a man winnows his neighbour's faults like chaff, but his own fault he hides, as a cheat hides the bad die from the gambler.' For the winnowing Tolstoy has «любят разбираться в ошибках своих ближних» (they like to pick over their neighbours' mistakes), and for the cheat's die «как вор старается спрятать свою отмычку» (as a thief tries to hide his picklock; Pali kaliṁva kitavā saṭho, 'as a crafty gambler a losing throw'). Verse 253, 'If a man looks after the faults of others, and is always inclined to be offended, his own passions will grow, and he is far from the destruction of passions', becomes «Человек любит осуждать других; он смотрит только на ошибки людей, а его собственные страсти разрастаются всё более и более, удаляя его от улучшения» (a man likes to condemn others … and his own passions grow, moving him away from improvement): the destruction of the passions (āsavakkhaya) becomes improvement. The thief and the picklock are in neither Müller nor Conway; Gerasimov's Russian Dhammapada (1898), the source of the 1903 Dhammapada entries and not online, may have them. Not in Conway or in Thoughts of Wise Men (1903). The bracket [Дхаммапада] is the Jubilee editors'.
7. До тех пор, пока ты сам грешен, не говори ни слова о грехах других.
7. So long as you yourself are sinful, say not a word about the sins of others.
From The Hidden Words · shortened by Tolstoy .
In English · Mirza Ameen U. Fareed, in Eric Hammond, The Splendour of God (Wisdom of the East), 1909Breathe not the sins of any one as long as thou art a sinner.
If thou doest contrary to this command, thou art not of Me.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. The Hidden Words (Kalimát-i-Maknúnih), Arabic part, no. 27; Hammond, The Splendour of God (1909; 1911 printing), p. 101, under 'Of Disputation and Fault-Finding'.
The Hidden Words of Bahá'u'lláh, Arabic part, no. 27, shortened. The English that Eric Hammond printed in The Splendour of God (1909), in Mirza Ameen U. Fareed's translation, reads: 'Breathe not the sins of any one as long as thou art a sinner. If thou doest contrary to this command, thou art not of Me. To this I bear witness.' Tolstoy keeps the first sentence, making 'breathe not' «не говори ни слова» (say not a word): «До тех пор, пока ты сам грешен, не говори ни слова о грехах других». The rest is dropped. His source, the Jubilee commentary says, was I. F. Nazhivin's «Таблички бабидов» in «Голоса народов», no. I (Moscow, 1908), not found online; the entry therefore probably came into the Circle with the 1908 revision. «Таблички бабидов» (Babi tablets) is Nazhivin's title; the saying is Bahá'u'lláh's. The Arabic was not found in a public-domain text that could be saved.
Translation note. The Babis were the followers of the Báb, the Persian religious teacher executed in 1850.
Отучи себя от осуждения на словах, и ты почувствуешь в своей душе увеличение способности любви, почувствуешь увеличение жизни и блага.
Break yourself of condemning in words, and you will feel in your soul an increase in the capacity for love, will feel an increase of life and of good.
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