10Januaryянваря · 10-е января
Основа воспитания — установление отношения к началу всего и вытекающего из этого отношения руководства поведения.
The foundation of education is the establishing of a relation to the origin of all things, and of the guidance for conduct that flows from that relation.
1. А кто соблазнит одного из малых сих, верующих в меня, тому лучше было бы, если бы повесили ему мельничный жернов на шею и потопили его в глубине морской.
Горе миру от соблазнов, ибо надобно прийти соблазнам; но горе тому человеку, через которого соблазн приходит.
1. And whoever tempts one of these little ones who believe in me, it would be better for him if a millstone were hung around his neck and he were drowned in the depths of the sea.
Woe to the world because of temptations, for temptations must come; but woe to the man through whom temptation comes.
From Matthew · close to the original .
The Russian Bible (Synodal translation)… а кто соблазнит одного из малых сих, верующих в Меня, тому лучше было бы, если бы повесили ему мельничный жернов на шею и потопили его во глубине морской.
Горе миру от соблазнов, ибо надобно прийти соблазнам; но горе тому человеку, через которого соблазн приходит.
Source text: ru.wikisource.orgIn English · King James Version, 1611But whoso shall offend one of these little ones which believe in me, it were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and that he were drowned in the depth of the sea.
Woe unto the world because of offences! for it must needs be that offences come; but woe to that man by whom the offence cometh!
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Matthew, 18:6–7.
The Synodal text, with «в глубине морской» for «во глубине» and a capital for the opening «А» (the Synodal verse continues a sentence). Otherwise word for word. Verse 7 also opens December 10's reading (Mt 18:7–9).
Translation note. «Соблазнит» and «соблазн» are “tempts” and “temptation”, as on December 10; the KJV has “whoso shall offend one of these little ones” and “Woe unto the world because of offences!”
2. Воспитывая детей, надо помнить, что мы воспитываем их не для жизни в теперешнем, а в будущем, лучшем состоянии человеческого рода, то есть для жизни в иных, лучших условиях жизни. Обыкновенно же родители воспитывают детей только так, чтобы они годились для настоящего мира, хотя и испорченного. Воспитывая же детей для будущего, лучшего устройства мира, мы этим самым улучшаем будущее устройство мира.
2. In educating children we must remember that we are educating them for life not in the present, but in a future, better state of the human race, that is, for life in other, better conditions of life. But parents usually educate their children only so that they will be fit for the present world, corrupt though it is. Yet in educating children for a future, better order of the world, we thereby improve the future order of the world.
From Über Pädagogik · shortened by Tolstoy .
Original · GermanEin Prinzip der Erziehungskunst, das besonders solche Männer, die Pläne zur Erziehung machen, vor Augen haben sollten, ist : Kinder sollen nicht dem gegenwärtigen, sondern dem zukünftig möglich bessern Zustande des menschlichen Geschlechts, das ist: der Idee der Mensch-
… heit und deren ganzer Bestimmung angemessen erzogen werden. Dieses Prinzip ist von großer Wichtigkeit. Eltern erziehen gemeiniglich ihre Kinder nur so, daß sie in die gegenwärtige Welt, sei sie auch verderbt, passen. Sie sollten sie aber besser erziehen, damit ein zukünftiger besserer Zustand dadurch hervorgebracht werde.
Source text: archive.orgIn English · Annette Churton, 1899One principle of education which those men especially who form educational schemes should keep before their eyes is this — children ought to be educated, not for the present, but for a possibly improved condition of man in the future ; that is, in a manner which is adapted to the idea of humanity and the whole destiny of man. This principle is of great importance. Parents usually educate their children merely in such a manner that, however bad the world may be, they may adapt themselves to its present conditions. But they ought to give them an education so much better than this, that a better condition of things may thereby be brought about in the future.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Über Pädagogik (ed. F. T. Rink, 1803), introduction, as excerpted in Raoul Richter, Kant-Aussprüche (1901), Kant-Aussprüche no. 179; Richter's register: Pädagogik, Hartenstein VIII, 463; Churton, Kant on Education, § 15.
Richter no. 179, the whole entry, shortened. Kant's principle (children are to be educated for a possibly better future state of the human race, that is, in keeping with the idea of humanity and its whole destiny) becomes "for life in a future, better state of the human race, that is, in other, better conditions of life"; Tolstoy drops the men who make plans for education, the idea of humanity and its destiny, and "this principle is of great importance". The parents who fit their children only to the present world, corrupt as it may be, are kept. Kant's last sentence (they ought to educate them better, so that a better future state is brought about) becomes "by educating children for a future, better order of the world we thereby improve that future order". Churton's English is the 1906 Boston printing of her 1899 translation.
3. Для того, чтобы воспитать человека, годного для будущего, надо воспитывать его, имея в виду вполне совершенного человека, — только тогда воспитанник будет достойным членом того поколения, в котором ему придется жить.
3. To educate people fit for the future, we must educate them with a wholly perfect human being in view — only then will our pupils be worthy members of the generation in which they will have to live.
4. Довести ребенка до сознания божественной природы в себе представляется мне главной обязанностью родителей и воспитателей.
4. To bring the child to a consciousness of the divinity within him seems to me the highest office which parents and teachers can perform.
From Letter to Miss Emily Taylor, St. Croix, West Indies, 6 February 1831, in Memoir of Willi… · close to the original .
Tolstoy’s version, in English_To bring a child to consciousness of the divine nature within him seems to me the chief duty of parents and educators._
Channing’s own wordsI believe in this divine principle, this ray of divine light, in the soul.
To bring the child to a consciousness of the divinity within him seems to me the highest office which parents and teachers can perform.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Letter to Miss Emily Taylor, St. Croix, West Indies, 6 February 1831, in Memoir of William Ellery Channing, with Extracts from his Correspondence and Manuscripts, ed. W. H. Channing (1848), vol. II, Vol. II, Part Third, ch. II 'Religion and Philosophy', section 'Correspondence on Religion and Philosophy', p. 410 (10th edition, Boston, American Unitarian Association, 1874).
A close translation of the sentence; 'the divinity within him' becomes 'the divine nature in himself' and 'the highest office' becomes 'the chief duty'. Tolstoy probably met it in an anthology, such as Albert Broadbent's Channing selection (London, 1903), which the Jubilee list of sources names; that book was not found online.
Translation note. Tolstoy kept the author’s words closely, so the author’s own English is printed here (ruling 1); Tolstoy’s Russian, translated, is in the source panel.
5. Цель истинного воспитания — не только в том, чтобы заставлять людей делать добрые дела, но и находить в них радость; не только быть чистыми, но и любить чистоту; не только быть справедливыми, но и алкать и жаждать справедливости.
5. The aim of true education lies in making people not only do good deeds, but also find joy in them; not only be pure, but love purity; not only be just, but hunger and thirst after justice.
From The Crown of Wild Olive · close to the original .
John Ruskin’s own wordsAnd the entire object of true education is to make people not merely _do_ the right things, but _enjoy_ the right things--not merely industrious, but to love industry--not merely learned, but to love knowledge--not merely pure, but to love purity--not merely just, but to hunger and thirst after justice.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. The Crown of Wild Olive (1866), Lecture II 'Traffic' (Town Hall, Bradford, 21 April 1864), Lecture II, in the argument that taste is a moral quality, after 'The man is not in health of body who is always thirsting for the bottle in the cupboard'.
Close. Of Ruskin's five pairs Tolstoy keeps three; 'not merely industrious, but to love industry' and 'not merely learned, but to love knowledge' are left out. 'do the right things, but enjoy the right things' becomes 'do good deeds, but find joy in them'. Ruskin's words are printed here without the two omitted pairs (his italics on do and enjoy dropped).
Translation note. “Hunger and thirst” is the phrase of Matthew 5:6 (KJV: “hunger and thirst after righteousness”); Tolstoy’s word here is «справедливость», “justice”.
Религиозное учение — основа воспитания, а между тем в нашем христианском мире учат тому, во что никто не верит. Дети проницательны и видят это и не верят не только тому, чему их учат, но и тем, которые их учат.
Religious teaching is the foundation of education, and yet in our Christian world people are taught what no one believes. Children are perceptive, and they see this, and they disbelieve not only what they are taught, but also those who teach them.
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