The MahabharataМахабхарата
1 passageотрывков: 1
Each date opens its day beside the list, with these passages marked.Каждая дата открывает свой день рядом со списком, где отрывки этого автора отмечены.
4. Религиозные упражнения для славы людской или для внешнего вида святости не имеют цены и происходят от низших требований души. Покаяние и самоистязание или истязание других происходят из ложных учений. Покаяние для тела — это целомудрие. Покаяние для речи — это то, чтобы говорить всегда правду и с добротою. Покаяние для мысли — это то, чтобы владеть собою, очищать душу и быть расположенным к добру.
4. Religious exercises done for human glory or for an outward show of holiness have no worth and come from the lower demands of the soul. Penance and self-torment, or the tormenting of others, come from false teachings. Penance of the body is chastity. Penance of speech is always to speak the truth, and with kindness. Penance of thought is to master oneself, to purify the soul and to be disposed toward the good.
From Mahābhārata, Bhīṣma Parva: Bhagavad Gītā ch. 17 · shortened by Tolstoy (more).
What Tolstoy read · Moncure D. Conway, The Sacred Anthology… exercises performed to obtain reputation, or for an air of sanctity, are of little worth, and come from inferior influences on the soul.
… tormentings, or exercises tormenting to others, these have their source in the region of shadows.
… of the body is to be chaste ; the penance of the words is to speak always with truth and kindness ; the penance of thought is to control self, to purify the soul, to be silent, and disposed to benevolence.
Source text: archive.orgOriginal · Sanskritब्रह्मचर्यमहिंसा च शारीरं तप उच्यते
अनुद्वेगकरं वाक्यं सत्यं प्रियहितं च यत्
मनःप्रसादः सम्यत्वं मौनमात्मविनिग्रहः
भावसंशुद्धिरित्येतत्तपो मानसमुच्यते
सत्कारमानपूजाराथं तपो दम्भेन चैव यत्
मूढग्राहेणात्मनो यत्पीडया क्रियते तपः
परस्योत्सादनार्थं वा तत्तामसमुदाहृतम्
Source text: sa.wikisource.orgIn English · Edwin Arnold (The Song Celestial), 1885Words causing no man woe, words ever true, Gentle and pleasing words, …
Serenity of soul, benignity, Sway of the silent Spirit, constant stress To sanctify the Nature,--these things make Good rite, and true religiousness of Mind.
Religion shown in act of proud display To win good entertainment, worship, fame, Such--say I--is of Rajas, rash and vain.
Religion followed by a witless will To torture self, or come at power to hurt Another,--'tis of Tamas, dark and ill.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Mahābhārata, Bhīṣma Parva: Bhagavad Gītā ch. 17, BG 17.14-19 (= Mbh 6.41.14-19, Wikisource numbering).
Translated almost word for word from Conway's English ('Religious exercises performed to obtain reputation, or for an air of sanctity, are of little worth, and come from inferior influences on the soul ... the penance of the body is to be chaste; the penance of the words is to speak always with truth and kindness; the penance of thought is to control self, to purify the soul, to be silent, and disposed to benevolence'); Tolstoy drops only 'to be silent', and Conway's 'region of shadows' (tamas) becomes 'false teachings'. Conway himself condenses and reverses the Gita: vv. 18-19 (rajasic austerity for honour and show; tamasic austerity by self-torture or to harm another) come first, and the three austerities of vv. 14-16 are cut to chastity, truthful and kind speech, and self-control, purity, silence and goodwill (the Gita also names worship, purity, uprightness and non-injury for the body, scripture study for speech).