20Aprilапреля · 20-е апреля
Самоотречение для человека, сознающего свою духовность, есть такое же благо, как и удовлетворение страстей и похотей для человека, живущего животной жизнью.
For those who are conscious of their spiritual nature, self-renunciation is as much a good as the satisfaction of passions and lusts is for those who live an animal life.
1. Тот добр, кто делает добро другим. Если он страдает за то, что делает добро, он еще лучше; если он страдает от тех, кому он делает добро, он достигает высшей доброты, усилить которую может только увеличение страданий за то, что он продолжает делать; если он умрет за это, — это самое высшее совершенство.
1. He is good who does good to others. If he suffers for doing good, he is better still; if he suffers at the hands of those to whom he does good, he attains the highest goodness, which only an increase of his sufferings for what he continues to do can heighten; if he dies for it, that is the very highest perfection.
From Les Caractères, ch. II, Du mérite personnel · close to the original .
Original · FrenchCelui-là est bon qui fait du bien aux autres ; s'il souffre pour le bien qu'il fait, il est très bon ; s'il souffre de ceux à qui il a fait ce bien, il a une si grande bonté qu'elle ne peut être augmentée que dans le cas où ses souffrances viendraient à croître ; et, s'il en meurt, sa vertu ne saurait aller plus loin : elle est héroïque, elle est parfaite.
Source text: fr.wikisource.orgIn English · Henri van Laun, 1885A man is good who benefits others: if he suffers for the good he does, he is still better; and if he suffers through those to whom he did good, he has arrived at such a height of perfection that nothing but an increase of his sufferings can add to it; if he dies through them, his virtue cannot stand higher; it is heroic, it is complete.
Source text: gutenberg.orgTolstoy’s own version · Избранные мысли Лабрюйера, с прибавлением избранных афоризмов и максим Ларошфуко, Вовена…Тот добр, кто делает добро другим; если он страдает за добро, которое делает, он очень добр; если страдает от тех, кому сделал это добро, то доброта его так велика, что может увеличиться только с увеличением его страданий …
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Les Caractères, ch. II, Du mérite personnel, § 44 in Van Laun's numbering; text of the Flammarion edition (Paris, 1880).
Close. La Bruyère's last clause, 'sa vertu ne saurait aller plus loin : elle est héroïque, elle est parfaite', becomes «это самое высшее совершенство» ('that is the highest perfection'), without 'heroic'; the rest follows the French. The Jubilee list of the Circle's sources names a Garnier edition, 'Les caractères de Théophraste … avec les caractères ou les mœurs de ce siècle'. Rusanov's selection, revised by Tolstoy in 1907 and printed in 1908, has the maxim in another translation.
2. Кто любит отца или мать более, нежели меня, недостоин меня; и кто любит сына или дочь более, нежели меня, недостоин меня; и кто не берет креста своего и не следует за мной, тот недостоин меня. Сберегший душу свою потеряет ее, а потерявший душу свою ради меня сбережет ее.
2. Whoever loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; and whoever loves son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me; and whoever does not take up his cross and follow me is not worthy of me. He who has saved his soul will lose it, and he who has lost his soul for my sake will save it.
From Matthew · close to the original .
The Russian Bible (Synodal translation)Кто любит отца или мать более, нежели Меня, не достоин Меня; и кто любит сына или дочь более, нежели Меня, не достоин Меня; …
… и кто не берет креста своего и следует за Мною, тот не достоин Меня.
Сберегший душу свою потеряет ее; а потерявший душу свою ради Меня сбережет ее.
Source text: ru.wikisource.orgIn English · King James Version, 1611He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me.
And he that taketh not his cross, and followeth after me, is not worthy of me.
He that findeth his life shall lose it: and he that loseth his life for my sake shall find it.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Matthew, 10:37–39.
The Synodal text, with «недостоин» for «не достоин», the pronouns of Jesus in lower case, and «и не следует за мной» for the Synodal's «и следует за Мною» in verse 38: in the Synodal one «не» governs both verbs, as in the KJV's "taketh not his cross, and followeth after me", and Tolstoy repeats it, which says the same plainly.
Translation note. The KJV has “He that findeth his life shall lose it: and he that loseth his life for my sake shall find it.” The Russian Bible has «душу», “soul”, which the Greek word also means.
3. Для человека нет высшего блага, как бескорыстно работать для блага других, — работать для вечного блага. Когда люди подчинятся общему интересу, как подчиняются они теперь своим личным стремлениям, тогда они узнают мир и счастие, и пред ними раскроются те бесконечные проявления небесной мудрости, которых они не видят теперь.
3. For man there is no higher good than to work unselfishly for the good of others — to work for the eternal good. When people submit to the common interest as they now submit to their personal strivings, then they will know peace and happiness, and there will open before them those endless manifestations of heavenly wisdom that they do not see now.
From The World's Advance-Thought and the Universal Republic · shortened by Tolstoy .
Lucy Mallory’s own wordsThere is nd higher good for the individual than that of working unselfishly for the good of all--this is working for the Eternal Good or God.
When man strives for the general interest, as he now labors for selfish Interests, he will realize peace and happiness, and endless vistas of Celestial Wisdom will be .open to him, that now in his selfish greed he can know nothing about.
Source text: iapsop.comDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. The World's Advance-Thought and the Universal Republic (Lucy A. Mallory's journal, Portland, Oregon), vol. XIV, no. 7, July 1901, p. 101, 'Key Thoughts', under Lucy A. Mallory's name, the last aphorism.
Shortened. Tolstoy leaves out the question the aphorism answers ('If you take away the incentive to make money, what can you give in place of it?') and two phrases inside it: 'or God' after 'the Eternal Good', and 'in his selfish greed'. 'The good of all' becomes 'the good of others'; 'as he now labors for selfish interests' becomes 'as they now submit to their personal aims' (своим личным стремлениям); 'endless vistas of Celestial Wisdom will be open to him' becomes 'those endless manifestations of heavenly wisdom will open before them, which they do not see now'. The text is the text layer of IAPSOP's PDF of the issue ('nd higher' and '.open' are its misreadings); the archive.org scan of vol. XIV (saved as IAPSOP-worlds_advance_thought_v14_1901-1902_partial) has the same paragraph. No printable.
4. Тогда Иисус сказал ученикам своим: если кто хочет идти за мною, отвергнись себя и возьми крест свой и следуй за мною; ибо кто хочет душу (жизнь) свою сберечь, тот потеряет ее; а кто потеряет душу свою ради меня, тот обретет ее. Какая польза человеку, если он приобретет весь мир, а душе своей повредит? или какой выкуп даст человек за душу свою?
4. Then Jesus said to his disciples: If anyone wants to come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me; for whoever wants to save his soul (his life) will lose it; but whoever loses his soul for my sake will find it. What good is it to a man if he gains the whole world but harms his own soul? Or what ransom will a man give for his soul?
From Matthew · close to the original .
The Russian Bible (Synodal translation)Тогда Иисус сказал ученикам Своим: если кто хочет идти за Мною, отвергнись себя, и возьми крест свой, и следуй за Мною, …
… а кто потеряет душу свою ради Меня, тот обретет ее; …
… какая польза человеку, если он приобретет весь мир, а душе своей повредит? или какой выкуп даст человек за душу свою?
Source text: ru.wikisource.orgIn English · King James Version, 1611Then said Jesus unto his disciples, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me.
For whosoever will save his life shall lose it: and whosoever will lose his life for my sake shall find it.
For what is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul?
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Matthew, 16:24–26.
The Synodal text, with its marginal note on «душу» in verse 25, «Жизнь» (life), brought into the line as «душу (жизнь)», and the pronouns of Jesus in lower case.
Translation note. The Russian Bible has «душу», “soul”, where the KJV has “life” in verse 25; Tolstoy adds “life” in parentheses once, as on February 18. Where the Russian has “harms his own soul” and “ransom”, the KJV has “lose his own soul” and “give in exchange for his soul”.
5. Как огонь уничтожает свечу, так добро уничтожает личную жизнь.
Как тает воск от лица огня, так сознание личной жизни уничтожается участием в добре.
Смерть разрушает тело, как разрушают леса, когда здание построено. И тот, чье здание построено, радуется разрушению лесов, т. е. своего тела.
5. As fire destroys a candle, so the good destroys the personal life.
As wax melts before the fire, so the consciousness of personal life is destroyed by taking part in the good.
Death pulls down the body as the scaffolding is pulled down when the building is finished. And those whose building is finished rejoice at the pulling down of the scaffolding, that is, of their own bodies.
Translation note. “As wax melts before the fire” is from Psalm 68:2 (Psalm 67:3 in the Russian Bible).
6. Есть всегда темное пятно в нашем солнечном свете: это тень, которая падает от нашей личности.
6. There is always a dark spot in our sunshine: it is the shadow cast by our own self.
From Sartor Resartus · close to the original .
Carlyle’s own wordsAlways there is a black spot in our sunshine: it is even, as I said, the _Shadow of Ourselves_.
Source text: gutenberg.orgTolstoy’s own version · На каждый деньЕсть всегда темное пятно в нашем солнечном свете: это тень, которая падает от того уважения, которое мы имеем к своей личности.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Sartor Resartus (1833–34), Book II, ch. IX 'The Everlasting Yea', Book II, ch. IX, after the Shoeblack 'declares himself the most maltreated of men'.
A close translation: 'There is always a dark spot in our sunshine: it is the shadow that falls from our self' (тень, которая падает от нашей личности); Teufelsdröckh's 'even, as I said,' is left out, so the printable joins the sentence across it. In «На каждый день» (22 March) the shadow 'falls from the respect we have for our self', which makes it pride. The Jubilee list names L. P. Nikiforov's Carlyle selection «Загадка сфинкса» (1900), not found.
7. Себялюбие — это тюрьма для духа, которая лишает счастья так же верно, как острог лишает физической свободы.
7. Self-love is a prison for the spirit; it takes away happiness as surely as a jail takes away physical freedom.
Source not found yet .
Not found yet.
The English was not found. The nearest found is a later aphorism in the journal (vol. XXII, 1908–09, archive.org scan), which likens selfishness to breathing again and again the foul air of a self-imposed prison, a door that altruism opens. It has the image of selfishness as a prison and nothing of the comparison with a jail and bodily freedom, and it is later than the Circle's first edition (1906).
Searched: The saved archive.org scans of the journal (vols. II no. 1, III–VI, XIV–XVI, XIX–XXII) and, read but not kept, the IAPSOP PDFs of all 56 issues online from March 1897 to August 1905, for 'prison', 'prison-house', 'jail', and 'dungeon' near 'selfish', and for 'Selfishness is'; archive.org full-text search for 'selfishness is a prison', 'selfishness is the prison', and 'selfishness is a jail'. Jubilee vols. 40, 42 and 45 have no other version. Issues of vols. VII–X (1892–97) and XIII (1899–1901), and many of vols. XI–XVI, are not online; the Jubilee list gives Tolstoy's run of the journal as 1894–1904.
8. Мы лишь тогда истинно живем для себя, когда живем для других. Это кажется странным, но испытай, и ты на опыте убедишься.
8. We truly live for ourselves only when we live for others. It seems strange, but try it, and you will be convinced by experience.
Translation note. The Russian italic is broken only at the commas, the first before «когда», “when”; it is set here as one span.
Если человек живет духовной жизнью, то отречение от мирских благ не может представляться ему заслугой. Он не может поступить иначе. Он при этом улучшает, а не ухудшает свое положение.
If we live a spiritual life, the renunciation of worldly goods cannot seem a merit to us. We cannot act otherwise. In doing so we improve our situation, not worsen it.
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