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Было время, когда люди ели человеческое мясо и не находили в этом ничего дурного. И теперь еще есть такие дикие люди. Переставали люди есть человеческое мясо понемногу. Так же и теперь понемногу перестают есть мясо животных, и очень скоро придет время, когда люди будут чувствовать такое же отвращение к мясу животных, какое они чувствуют теперь к человеческому.
There was a time when people ate human flesh and saw nothing wrong in it. And even now there are such savages. People ceased to eat human flesh little by little. So too, people are now little by little ceasing to eat the flesh of animals, and very soon the time will come when people will feel the same revulsion toward the flesh of animals that they now feel toward human flesh.
Source not found yet .
Было время, когда все люди ели человеческое мясо и не находили в этом ничего дурного.Source text: tolstoy.ruAt the present day, in all parts of the civilised world, the once orthodox practices of cannibalism and human sacrifice universally are regarded with astonishment and horror.Source text: archive.orgDetails
Not found yet.
Not located in Lamartine. The signature «По Ламартину» (after Lamartine) marks Tolstoy's own wording of a thought he credited to Lamartine. The comparison it rests on, cannibalism given up as flesh-eating will be, opens the preface of Williams's Ethics of Diet (1883), in Williams's own words; Williams's chapter on Lamartine quotes La Chute d'un ange (see 6-20.5) and Les Confidences, where Lamartine's mother holds that killing animals for food is 'one of the infirmities of our human condition', neither of them with this comparison. T. L. Tolstaya's «250 мыслей философов, поэтов и ученых о вегетарианстве и воздержании» (Посредник, 1903), named in the Jubilee list of the Circle's sources, was not seen. Tolstoy rewrote the thought, unsigned, for На каждый день.
Searched: Lamartine's La Chute d'un ange, eighth vision (Wikisource); Williams's chapter on Lamartine, with its extracts from Les Confidences; French Wikisource for «anthropophages», «chair humaine» with Lamartine; web searches in French; the saved Jubilee volumes for «человеческое мясо».
Translation note. The Russian italic is broken only at the commas; it is set here as one span.
1. Как теперь считается гнусным и позорным подкидывать детей, устраивать бой гладиаторов, мучить пленников и совершать другие зверства, никому не казавшиеся прежде ни предосудительными, ни противными чувству справедливости, так подходит время, когда будет считаться безнравственным и непозволительным убивать животных и употреблять в пищу их трупы.
1. Just as it is now considered vile and shameful to abandon children, to stage gladiatorial combats, to torture captives, and to commit other atrocities that formerly seemed to no one either reprehensible or contrary to the sense of justice, so the time is drawing near when it will be considered immoral and impermissible to kill animals and to use their corpses for food.
From Der Weg zum Paradiese, quoted in English in Howard Williams, The Ethics of Diet · close to the original .
What Tolstoy read · Howard Williams, The Ethics of Diet: A Catena of Authorities Deprecatory of the Practice…From Der Weg zum Paradiese (" The Way to Paradise ") the following extract sufficiently represents the inspiration of the writer, Dr. W. Zimmermann : …
Besides, we are advancing towards a humaner century ; and, as the present is a humaner time than the century before, so later will there be a milder regime than now.
Just as, in our days, exposure of children, combats of gladiators, torture of prisoners, and other atrocities are held to be scandalous and shameful, while in earlier times they were thought quite justifiable and right, so in the future will the murder of animals, to feed upon their corpses, be pronounced to be immoral and indefensible.
Already (1846) are associations being formed for the protection of these beings ; …
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Der Weg zum Paradiese, quoted in English in Howard Williams, The Ethics of Diet (1883), Williams, The Ethics of Diet (London, 1883), p. 285, at the end of the chapter on Daumer.
Found in Howard Williams's The Ethics of Diet (1883), which quotes it in English from Der Weg zum Paradiese (“The Way to Paradise”) by “Dr. W. Zimmermann” (his index: “Zimmerman W., M.D.”); so «Д-р Циммерман» is this vegetarian physician, as the Jubilee name index describes him (a German writer, physician, and propagandist of vegetarianism), and not Johann Georg Zimmermann (1728–1795), the Swiss physician of Über die Einsamkeit. Against Williams's English Tolstoy is close: as now the exposure of children, combats of gladiators, torture of prisoners, and other atrocities are held scandalous and shameful («гнусным и позорным»), though earlier they were thought quite justifiable and right («никому не казавшиеся прежде ни предосудительными, ни противными чувству справедливости», which formerly seemed to no one blameworthy or contrary to the sense of justice), so in the future the murder of animals to feed on their corpses will be pronounced immoral and indefensible («безнравственным и непозволительным»). Tolstoy writes «так подходит время, когда» (so the time is approaching when) for “so in the future”. Tolstoy knew the book: Chertkov sent it to him in April 1891, he called it “excellent”, and «Первая ступень» was reprinted as the introduction to its Russian translation, «Этика пищи» (Posrednik, 1893) (Jubilee vol. 29 commentary). That translation and T. Tolstaya's «250 мыслей философов, поэтов и ученых о вегетарианстве и воздержании» (Posrednik, 1903), in the Jubilee list of the Circle's sources, were not found online; either may hold the Russian Tolstoy used. The German original was not found online (archive.org searched by title), so there is no original block.
2. Если вы увидите детей, мучающих для своей забавы котенка или птичку, вы останавливаете их и учите их жалости к живым существам, а сами идете на охоту, на стрельбу голубей, на скачку и садитесь за обед, для которого убито несколько живых существ, т. е. делаете то самое, от чего вы удерживаете детей.
Неужели это кричащее противоречие не сделается явным и не остановит людей?
2. If you see children tormenting a kitten or a little bird for their amusement, you stop them and teach them pity for living creatures; yet you yourself go hunting, go to pigeon shoots and to the races, and sit down to a dinner for which several living creatures have been killed, that is, you do the very thing you keep the children from doing.
Can it be that this glaring contradiction will not become plain and will not stop people?
Translation note. “Glaring” renders «кричащее», literally “screaming.”
3. Воздержание от мяса всё больше и больше распространяется. Едва ли теперь есть сколько-нибудь значительный город, в котором не было бы от одной до дюжины и более вегетарианских столовых, где готовят пищу без мяса.
3. Abstinence from meat is spreading more and more. There is hardly a city of any size now that does not have from one to a dozen or more vegetarian restaurants, where food is prepared without meat.
From The World's Advance-Thought and the Universal Republic · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changed“Vegetarianism is growing rapidly” becomes “Abstinence from meat is spreading more and more,” and Tolstoy adds what a vegetarian restaurant is: one “where food is prepared without meat.”
Lucy Mallory’s own wordsThere is hardly a city of any size in the world but has from] one to a dozen or more Vegetarian restaurants.
Source text: iapsop.comDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. The World's Advance-Thought and the Universal Republic (Lucy A. Mallory's journal, Portland, Oregon), vol. XV, no. 2, April 1902, p. 27, an unsigned paragraph among the editor's in the journal's second part, 'The Universal Republic'.
Made plain for a Russian reader. 'Vegetarianism is growing rapidly' becomes 'Abstinence from meat is spreading more and more' (Воздержание от мяса всё больше и больше распространяется); 'hardly a city of any size in the world' becomes 'hardly any city of any size' ('in the world' is left out); and Tolstoy adds what a vegetarian restaurant is: 'vegetarian dining rooms, where food is prepared without meat' (вегетарианских столовых, где готовят пищу без мяса). He leaves out the rest of the paragraph, on the moral side of vegetarianism. The text layer reads the first sentence's opening word as '`yT'EGETARiANiSM' (a drop capital V), so the excerpt begins with the second; 'from]' is its reading of 'from'. No printable.
4. «Мы не можем заявлять прав на животных, существующих на суше, которые питаются одинаковой пищей, вдыхают тот же воздух, пьют ту же воду, что и мы; при их умерщвлении они смущают нас своими ужасающими криками и заставляют стыдиться нашего поступка».
Так думал Плутарх, исключая почему-то водных животных. Мы же по отношению земнородных животных стали далеко позади его.
4. “We cannot claim rights over the animals that live on land, which feed on the same food, breathe the same air, and drink the same water as we do; when they are slaughtered they trouble us with their horrifying cries and make us ashamed of our deed.”
So thought Plutarch, excepting, for some reason, the animals of the water. But we, with regard to the earth-born animals, have fallen far behind him.
5. Не поднимай руки против брата твоего и не проливай крови никаких живых существ, населяющих землю, — ни людей, ни домашних животных, ни зверей, ни птиц; в глубине твоей души вещий голос запрещает тебе проливать кровь, ибо в ней жизнь, а жизнь ты не можешь вернуть.
5. Do not raise your hand against your brother, and do not shed the blood of any living creatures that dwell on the earth — neither men, nor domestic animals, nor wild beasts, nor birds; in the depths of your soul a prophetic voice forbids you to shed blood, for in it is life, and life you cannot give back.
From La Chute d'un ange · close to the original .
What Tolstoy read · Howard Williams, The Ethics of Diet: A Catena of Authorities Deprecatory of the Practice…Ni celui des humains, ni celui des troupeaux …
Ni celui des animaux, ni celui des oiseaux …
Car le sang est la vie, et tu ne peux la rendre.
Source text: archive.orgOriginal · FrenchTu ne lèveras point la main contre ton frère, Et tu ne verseras aucun sang sur la terre, Ni celui des humains, ni celui des troupeaux, Ni celui des poissons, ni celui des oiseaux : Un cri sourd dans ton cœur défend de le répandre, Car le sang est la vie, et tu ne peux la rendre.
Source text: fr.wikisource.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. La Chute d'un ange (1838), eighth vision, «Fragment du livre primitif», Huitième vision (Œuvres complètes, Paris, chez l'auteur, 1861, t. 16, pp. 235–277); quoted in Williams, The Ethics of Diet (1883), p. 247.
Six lines of verse put into prose, closely. One reading points to Williams's Ethics of Diet, which the Jubilee list names in its Russian version («Этика пищи», Посредник, 1893): the 1861 text has 'ni celui des poissons' (nor that of fishes), Williams prints 'ni celui des animaux', and the Russian has «ни зверей» (nor of beasts). 'Un cri sourd dans ton cœur' (a muffled cry in your heart) becomes «в глубине твоей души вещий голос» (a prophetic voice in the depths of your soul); «никаких живых существ, населяющих землю» (of any living creatures that people the earth) widens 'aucun sang sur la terre' (no blood on the earth). No English translation found.
В наше время, когда ясна преступность убийства животных для удовольствия или вкуса, охота и мясоедение уже не суть безразличные, но прямо дурные поступки, влекущие за собой, как всякий дурной сознательно совершаемый поступок, много еще худших поступков.
In our time, when the criminality of killing animals for pleasure or for taste is clear, hunting and meat-eating are no longer indifferent acts but plainly bad ones, bringing in their train, like every bad act consciously committed, many acts still worse.
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