23Decemberдекабря · 23-е декабря
Мудрость есть знание вечных истин, приложимых к жизни.
Wisdom is knowledge of the eternal truths applicable to life.
1. Сократ первый, сведя философию с небес, распространил ее между людьми, побуждая их изучать науку жизни, человеческих нравов и следствия добрых и злых дел.
1. Socrates was the first to bring philosophy down from the heavens and spread it among men, urging them to study the science of life, of human morals, and of the consequences of good and evil deeds.
From Tusculan Disputations · close to the original .
What Tolstoy read · Craufurd Tait Ramage, Beautiful Thoughts from Latin AuthorsSocrates was the first who brought down philosophy from heaven, introducing it into the abodes of men …
… the science of life, of human morals, and the effects of …
Source text: archive.orgOriginal · LatinSocrates autem primus philosophiam devocavit e caelo et in urbibus conlocavit et in domus etiam introduxit et coegit de vita et moribus rebusque bonis et malis quaerere.
Source text: thelatinlibrary.comIn English · C. D. Yonge, 1877But Socrates was the first who brought down philosophy from the heavens, placed it in cities, introduced it into families, and obliged it to examine into life and morals, and good and evil.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Tusculan Disputations, V.10 (V.4 in Ramage's numbering).
Tolstoy follows Ramage's English, not the Latin: 'distributed it among men' is Ramage's 'introducing it into the abodes of men' (Cicero: placed it in cities and brought it into homes), and 'to study the science of life, of human morals, and the consequences of good and evil deeds' is Ramage's 'compelling them to study the science of life, of human morals, and the effects of things good and bad', which expands Cicero's 'made it inquire into life and morals and things good and bad'. Faithful to Ramage, and in sense to Cicero.
2. Только чистотою уничтожается нечисть на теле; то же самое и в человеческих обществах. Пусть человеческие общества сделаются чистыми и здоровыми в духовном отношении, и питающиеся на них паразиты церкви и государства пропадут сами собой, как пропадают насекомые на чистом и здоровом теле.
2. Only cleanliness destroys the vermin on a body; and it is the same in human societies. Let human societies become clean and healthy in spirit, and the parasites of church and state that feed on them will vanish of themselves, as insects vanish from a clean and healthy body.
3. Ученость редко совмещается с мудростью. Ученый знает много вещей, большею частью ненужных и сомнительных. Мудрец же знает немного вещей, но всё, что он знает, нужно ему и людям, и то, что он знает, он знает наверное.
3. Learning is seldom joined with wisdom. The learned know many things, for the most part needless and doubtful. The wise know few things, but all that they know is needed by them and by others, and what they know, they know for certain.
4. Тот, кто познает свою душу, тот узнает в себе божественное начало. Познав же в себе божественное начало, он и будет всегда так действовать и думать, чтобы быть достойным полученного им божественного дара.
4. He who comes to know his own soul will recognize in himself the divine principle. And having come to know the divine principle in himself, he will always act and think so as to be worthy of the divine gift he has received.
From De legibus · shortened by Tolstoy .
What Tolstoy read · Ramage, Beautiful Thoughts from Latin Authors, heading 'Inspiration of Man. Leg. i. 22.'… he will always both think and act in a …
Source text: archive.orgOriginal · LatinNam qui se ipse norit, primum aliquid se habere sentiet diuinum ingeniumque in se suum sicut simulacrum aliquod dicatum putabit, tantoque munere deorum semper dignum aliquid et faciet et sentiet, …
Source text: thelatinlibrary.comIn English · Craufurd Tait Ramage, 1864For whoever is acquainted with his own mind, will, in the first place, feel that he has a divine principle within him, and will regard his rational faculties as something sacred and holy …
… worthy of so great a gift of the gods …
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. De legibus, I.59 (I.22 in Ramage's numbering).
Tolstoy's 'божественное начало' is Ramage's 'divine principle' (Cicero: 'aliquid divinum', something divine), so he read the passage in Ramage, where it stands among his Cicero extracts. Kept: whoever knows himself will feel the divine within him and will always think and act worthily of so great a gift. Dropped: that he will regard his mind as a consecrated image, and the second half of the sentence (once he has examined himself he will see how nature equipped him for wisdom). 'Gift of the gods' becomes 'the divine gift he has received', and Tolstoy repeats 'having come to know the divine principle in himself' as a link.
5. Тот, кто в Евангелии не сумеет отделить сердцем основного, важного от неважного и ненужного, тот никаким изучением критики не узнает этого. А кто умеет отличать, тому это изучение не нужно. Умеет же отличать тот, кому нужно руководство Евангелия для жизни, а не для мудрствования.
5. Those who cannot separate with their hearts what is fundamental and important in the Gospel from what is unimportant and needless will never learn it by any study of criticism. And those who can tell them apart have no need of such study. And the ones who can tell them apart are those who need the guidance of the Gospel for life, not for philosophizing.
6. Умные не бывают учены; ученые не бывают умны.
6. The intelligent are not learned; the learned are not intelligent.
From Tao Te Ching · close to the original .
What Tolstoy read · Paul Carus, Lao-Tze's Tao-Teh-KingThe wise are not learned ; the learned are not wise.
Source text: archive.orgIn English · James Legge, 1891Those who know (the Tao) are not extensively learned; the extensively learned do not know it.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Tao Te Ching, ch. 81.
Word for word Carus's 'The wise are not learned; the learned are not wise' (Chinese: 'those who know are not broadly learned; the broadly learned do not know'). The rest of ch. 81 is not used.
7. Люди современной науки полагают дело науки не в том, в чем оно должно быть: в определении того, что должно, а в описании того, что есть. То, что есть, мы все так или иначе знаем, и описание этого никому не нужно. Люди пьют вино, курят табак, и наука ставит себе задачей физиологически оправдывать употребление вина и табаку. Люди убивают друг друга, отнимают для малого числа землю или орудия труда у всех, и науки — юриспруденция и экономическая — оправдывают это. Люди верят в нелепицы, и теологическая наука оправдывает это. Задачей науки должно быть познание того, что должно быть, а не того, что есть. Теперешняя же наука, напротив, ставит себе своей главной задачей отвлечь внимание людей от того, что должно быть, и привлечь его к тому, что есть и что поэтому никому знать не нужно.
7. Those who practice modern science place the business of science not where it ought to be, in determining what ought to be, but in describing what is. What is, we all know in one way or another, and no one needs a description of it. People drink wine and smoke tobacco, and science sets itself the task of justifying the use of wine and tobacco physiologically. People kill one another, take the land or the tools of labor away from everyone for the sake of a few, and the sciences — jurisprudence and economics — justify this. People believe in absurdities, and theological science justifies this. The task of science should be the knowledge of what ought to be, not of what is. Present-day science, on the contrary, sets itself the chief task of drawing people’s attention away from what ought to be and drawing it to what is, and what for that reason no one needs to know.
Блага, даваемые мудростью, в сравнении со всеми остальными знаниями так же важны, как важен в пустыне сосуд с водою в сравнении с пудами золота.
The goods that wisdom gives are as important, compared with all other knowledge, as a vessel of water in the desert compared with poods of gold.
Translation note. A pood is an old Russian weight, about 36 pounds.
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