PlatoПлатон
2 passages and 2 weekly readingsотрывков: 2, недельных чтений: 2
Each date opens its day beside the list, with these passages marked.Каждая дата открывает свой день рядом со списком, где отрывки этого автора отмечены.
6. Никто не знает, что такое смерть, зло она или добро. А все люди боятся ее, как будто знают наверное, что она зло.
6. No one knows what death is, whether it is an evil or a good. Yet all people fear it, as though they knew for certain that it is an evil.
From Apology of Socrates · reworded by Tolstoy (more).
What changedSocrates’ suggestion that death “may not be the greatest good” becomes an open question, “whether it is an evil or a good,” and men who fear it as “the greatest evil” fear it as “an evil.”
Original · Ancient Greek… τὸ γάρ τοι θάνατον δεδιέναι, ὦ ἄνδρες, οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἢ δοκεῖν σοφὸν εἶναι μὴ ὄντα· δοκεῖν γὰρ εἰδέναι ἐστὶν ἃ οὐκ οἶδεν.
… οἶδε μὲν γὰρ οὐδεὶς τὸν θάνατον οὐδʼ εἰ τυγχάνει τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ πάντων μέγιστον ὂν τῶν ἀγαθῶν, δεδίασι δʼ ὡς εὖ εἰδότες ὅτι μέγιστον τῶν κακῶν ἐστι.
Source text: raw.githubusercontent.comIn English · Benjamin Jowett, 1871For the fear of death is indeed the pretence of wisdom, and not real wisdom, being a pretence of knowing the unknown; …
… and no one knows whether death, which men in their fear apprehend to be the greatest evil, may not be the greatest good.
Source text: gutenberg.orgTolstoy’s own version · Мысли мудрых людей на каждый деньНикто не знает, что такое смерть и не есть ли она величайшее для человека добро. И, однако, все ее страшатся, как бы в сознании, что она — величайшее зло.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Apology of Socrates, 29a–b.
A shortened form of Thoughts of Wise Men (1903), November 11: «Никто не знает, что такое смерть и не есть ли она величайшее для человека добро. И, однако, все ее страшатся, как бы в сознании, что она — величайшее зло». Socrates at his trial: no one knows death, nor whether it may not be the greatest of all goods for man, yet men fear it as if they knew well that it is the greatest of evils (οἶδε μὲν γὰρ οὐδεὶς τὸν θάνατον οὐδʼ εἰ τυγχάνει τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ πάντων μέγιστον ὂν τῶν ἀγαθῶν). For the Circle Tolstoy dropped both superlatives: "whether it may not be the greatest good" becomes «зло она или добро» (whether it is evil or good), and "the greatest of evils" becomes «что она зло» (that it is evil). Plato's suggestion that death may be the greatest good becomes an open question.
3. Если люди думают, что существует только то, что они могут ощупать руками, то такие люди еще очень невежественны.
3. If people think that only what they can touch with their hands exists, such people are still very ignorant.
From Theaetetus · shortened by Tolstoy (more).
Original · Ancient Greek… εἰσὶν δὲ οὗτοι οἱ οὐδὲν ἄλλο οἰόμενοι εἶναι ἢ οὗ ἂν δύνωνται ἀπρὶξ τοῖν χεροῖν λαβέσθαι, πράξεις δὲ καὶ γενέσεις καὶ πᾶν τὸ ἀόρατον οὐκ ἀποδεχόμενοι ὡς ἐν οὐσίας μέρει.
… εἰσὶν γάρ, ὦ παῖ, μάλʼ εὖ ἄμουσοι·
Source text: raw.githubusercontent.comIn English · Benjamin Jowett, 1871Now by the uninitiated I mean the people who believe in nothing but what they can grasp in their hands, and who will not allow that action or generation or anything invisible can have real existence.
Yes, my boy, outer barbarians.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Theaetetus, 155e–156a.
Socrates, before telling Theaetetus the "mysteries" of the subtler thinkers, looks round lest any of the uninitiated hear: "those who think that nothing exists but what they can grasp tight with both hands, and do not admit actions, becomings, and all that is invisible as part of being." Theaetetus calls them hard and repellent men; Socrates answers that they are "very uncultured" (μάλʼ εὖ ἄμουσοι; Jowett: "outer barbarians"). Tolstoy joins the description to the verdict, «еще очень невежественны» (still very ignorant), and leaves out the mysteries, the invisible things, and the dialogue. Where he read it was not found: it is not in Thoughts of Wise Men (1903). Printed in italics in the Jubilee text.
Translation note. The Russian italic is broken only at the commas; it is set here as one span.
The week’s reading after Недельное чтение после May 2626 мая
The Trial of Socrates and His DefenseСуд над Сократом и его защита
The week’s reading after Недельное чтение после September 2222 сентября