The HitopadeshaХитопадеша
2 passagesотрывков: 2
Each date opens its day beside the list, with these passages marked.Каждая дата открывает свой день рядом со списком, где отрывки этого автора отмечены.
1. Лучше лишиться жизни, чем льстить низким. Нищета лучше, чем роскошь через служение богатым. Не стоять у дверей богатого и не говорить голосом просителя — это лучшая жизнь.
1. Better to lose one’s life than to flatter the base. Poverty is better than luxury through serving the rich. Not to stand at a rich man’s door and not to speak in a petitioner’s voice — that is the best life.
From Hitopadesha, Book I · reworded by Tolstoy (more).
What changedConway’s “luxury through another’s wealth” (Wilkins: “to gratify the mouth at the expense of others”) becomes “luxury through serving the rich.”
What Tolstoy read · The Sacred AnthologyImpoverishment is better than luxury through another's wealth.
Not to attend at the door of the wealthy, and not to use the voice of petition, these imply the best life of a man.
Source text: archive.orgOriginal · Sanskritवरं भिक्षाशित्वं न च परधनास्वादनसुखम्
वरं प्राणत्यागो न पुनरधमानाम् उपगमः
असेवितेश्वरद्वारम् अदृष्टविरहव्यथम् ।
अनुक्तक्लीबवचनं धन्यं कस्यापि जीवनम्
Source text: sa.wikisource.orgIn English · Charles Wilkins, 1787It is better to live by begging one's bread, than to gratify the mouth at the expense of others.
Fortunate is the life of that man, by whom the door of the noble hath not been attended ; …
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Hitopadesha, Book I (Mitralabha), the mouse Hiranyaka's story, vv. 130-131 and 139 (Wikisource numbering).
Conway's three sentences, close, with one change. Conway joins three verses of the Hitopadesha: 'it is better to abandon life than flatter the base' (the scan reads 'natter') is the last line of v. 131, 'better to give up life than to court the base'; 'impoverishment is better than luxury through another's wealth' is the last line of v. 130, 'better to live on alms than the pleasure of enjoying another's wealth'; the last sentence is v. 139, 'blessed is the life of one who has not waited at a lord's door, has not known the pain of separation, has not spoken abject words', without the separation. Tolstoy changes 'luxury through another's wealth' to «роскошь через служение богатым» (luxury through serving the rich), and Conway's 'these imply the best life of a man' becomes «это лучшая жизнь». Wilkins's English (1787) is another translation; Conway's translator is not named.
6. Только тот истинно учен, кто хорошо поступает.
6. He alone is truly learned who acts well.
Probably from Hitopadeśa, Book I · close to the original (more).
A likely source, not certain. Hitopadeśa, Book I (tiger and traveller), I, verse in the tale of the old tiger and the gold bangle.
Almost certainly the Sanskrit half-verse 'śāstrāṇy adhītyāpi bhavanti mūrkhā yas tu kriyāvān puruṣaḥ sa vidvān' ('even having read the śāstras men are fools; the man who acts is the learned one'). Edwin Arnold's Book of Good Counsels (1861), searched, drops that verse, so no public-domain text of it is given.
Searched: Arnold, The Book of Good Counsels (archive.org bookgoodcounsel00arnogoog), tiger tale and 'learned'.