23Augustавгуста · 23-е августа
Если бы люди были вполне добродетельны, они никогда не отступали бы от истины.
If people were wholly virtuous, they would never depart from the truth.
1. Свет пришел в мир; но люди более возлюбили тьму, нежели свет, потому что дела их были злы. Ибо всякий, делающий злое, ненавидит свет и не идет к свету, чтобы не обличились дела его, потому что они злы; а поступающий по правде идет к свету, дабы явны были дела его, потому что они в боге соделаны.
1. The light has come into the world; but people loved the darkness more than the light, because their deeds were evil. For everyone who does evil hates the light and does not come to the light, so that his deeds may not be exposed, because they are evil; but he who acts by the truth comes to the light, so that his deeds may be made plain, because they have been done in God.
From John · shortened by Tolstoy .
The Russian Bible (Synodal translation)Суд же состоит в том, что свет пришел в мир; но люди более возлюбили тьму, нежели свет, потому что дела их были злы; …
… ибо всякий, делающий злое, ненавидит свет и не идет к свету, чтобы не обличились дела его, потому что они злы, …
… а поступающий по правде идет к свету, дабы явны были дела его, потому что они в Боге соделаны.
Source text: ru.wikisource.orgIn English · King James Version, 1611And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil.
For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved.
But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God.
Source text: gutenberg.orgTolstoy’s own version · Мысли мудрых людей на каждый деньСуд же состоит в том, что свет пришел в мир; но люди более возлюбили тьму, нежели свет, потому что дела их были злы. Ибо всякий, делающий злое, ненавидит свет и не идет к свету, чтобы не обличились дела его, потому что они злы. А поступающий по правде идет к свету, дабы явны были дела его, потому что они в боге соделаны.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. John, 3:19–21.
The Synodal text of the three verses, with its opening clause left out: Tolstoy begins «Свет пришел в мир» (light came into the world) where the Synodal has «Суд же состоит в том, что свет пришел в мир» (and this is the judgment, that light came into the world; KJV "this is the condemnation"). The rest is word for word, with a new sentence at «Ибо» (for) where the Synodal has a semicolon, a semicolon before «а поступающий» where it has a comma, and «боге» in lower case. Thoughts of Wise Men (1903), April 4, keeps the opening clause.
Translation note. The KJV opens with “And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world”; it has “lest his deeds should be reproved,” without “because they are evil,” and ends “that they are wrought in God.”
2. Не бойся человека, высокого или низкого, богатого или бедного, ученого или неученого. Уважай всех людей, люби всех людей, но не бойся никого. Следуй той истине, которую открывает тебе твой разум, и держись своих убеждений во что бы то ни стало. Не дожидайся отзвука в толпе. Чем меньше голосов на стороне истины, тем сильнее возвышай голос. Верь в то, что истина могущественней заблуждения, предрассудка или страсти, и будь готов на мученичество. Познай, что истина не есть местное и временное явление, но нечто неизменное, вечное, одно и то же во всех мирах, единое с богом и имеющее его всемогущество.
2. Do not fear man, high or low, rich or poor, learned or unlearned. Respect all people, love all people, but fear no one. Follow the truth that your reason reveals to you, and hold to your convictions at all costs. Do not wait for an echo in the crowd. The fewer the voices on the side of truth, the more strongly raise your voice. Believe that truth is mightier than error, prejudice, or passion, and be ready for martyrdom. Know that truth is not a local and temporary phenomenon, but something unchanging, eternal, one and the same in all worlds, one with God and possessing his omnipotence.
From Charge at the Ordination of the Rev. John Sullivan Dwight, as Pastor of the Second Congr… · shortened by Tolstoy .
Channing’s own wordsFear no man, high or low, rich or poor, taught or untaught. Honour all men ; love all men ; but fear none.
But having deliberately, conscientiously sought the truth, abide by your convictions at all hazards.
Wait not till you are sure of an echo from a crowd. The fewer the voices on the side of truth, the more distinct and strong must be your own.
Put faith in truth as mightier than error, prejudice, or passion, and be ready to take a place among its martyrs. Feel that truth is not a local, temporary influence, but immutable, everlasting, the same in all worlds, one with God, and armed with his omnipotence.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Charge at the Ordination of the Rev. John Sullivan Dwight, as Pastor of the Second Congregational Church in Northampton (1840), The Complete Works of William Ellery Channing (London: Christian Life Publishing Co., Routledge, 1884), pp. 366–367: 'I now say, preach with moral courage'.
Shortened from one paragraph, which Channing addressed to a young minister at his ordination ('preach with moral courage'); Tolstoy's version speaks to everyone. Tolstoy keeps the opening two sentences ('Honour all men' becomes 'Respect all men', Уважай всех людей) and leaves out the next eight, from 'Speak what you account great truths frankly' to 'with the name of Christian doctrine'. 'But having deliberately, conscientiously sought the truth, abide by your convictions at all hazards' becomes 'Follow the truth which your reason reveals to you, and hold to your convictions whatever it costs' (Следуй той истине, которую открывает тебе твой разум). 'Never shrink from speaking your mind through dread of reproach. Wait not to be backed by numbers.' is left out; 'the more distinct and strong must be your own' becomes 'the more strongly raise your voice' (тем сильнее возвышай голос); 'be ready to take a place among its martyrs' becomes 'be ready for martyrdom'; 'Feel that truth' becomes 'Know that truth' (Познай); 'armed with his omnipotence' becomes 'having his omnipotence'. Coit's The Message of Man prints only the two sentences 'Wait not to be backed by numbers. Wait not till you are sure of an echo from a crowd' and the next, so it was not Tolstoy's source here; the Jubilee list of the Circle's sources names Albert Broadbent's selection of Channing (London, 1903), not found online.
3. Ищи истину в мысли, а не в гниющих книгах. Если хочешь видеть месяц, то гляди на небо, а не в лужу.
3. Seek the truth in thought, and not in rotting books. If you want to see the moon, look at the sky, and not into a puddle.
From The Sacred Anthology · close to the original .
What Tolstoy read · The Sacred AnthologySeek truth from thought, not in mouldy books.
Look in the sky to find the moon, not in the pool.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. The Sacred Anthology (1874), p. 306, no. CCCCLXXIX, Truth; margin 'Persian.' (seen on the page image).
Conway's section 'Truth', faithfully: 'Seek truth from thought, not in mouldy books. Look in the sky to find the moon, not in the pool.' 'Mouldy' is «гниющих» (rotting), the pool «лужу» (puddle), and the second sentence takes a condition, «Если хочешь видеть месяц» (if you want to see the moon); printed in italics. Conway marks it only 'Persian.', as he does the sections on either side of it; his source and the Persian were not found.
4. Плод всякого сделанного тобою со дня твоего рождения доброго дела погибнет, как только ты отступишь от истины. Тот высший дух, который живет в тебе и про который ты знаешь, что он един с тобою, есть всеведущий наблюдатель добра и зла, которое ты совершаешь.
4. The fruit of every good deed you have done since the day of your birth will perish as soon as you depart from the truth. That highest spirit which lives in you, and which you know to be one with you, is the all-knowing observer of the good and the evil that you do.
From Manusmṛti · reworded by Tolstoy .
Not in Leo Tolstoy as EditorThe change of sense against Manu, a judge’s warning to a witness made a saying on truth and the sage in the heart a spirit “one and the same with thyself,” is in Conway’s English, which Tolstoy translated closely.
What Tolstoy read · The Sacred AnthologyThe fruit of every virtuous act which thou hast done, 0 good man, since thy birth, shall depart from …
… thee to the dogs, if thou deviate from the truth.
… friend to virtue ! that supreme spirit, which thou believest one and the same with thyself, resides in thy bosom perpetually, and is an all-knowing inspector of thy goodness or of thy wickedness.
Source text: archive.orgOriginal · Sanskritजन्मप्रभृति यत्किं चित्पुण्यं भद्र त्वया कृतम्
तत्ते सर्वं शुनो गच्छेद्यदि ब्रूयास्त्वं अन्यथा
एकोऽहं अस्मीत्यात्मानं यस्त्वं कल्याण मन्यसे
नित्यं स्थितस्ते हृद्येष पुण्यपापेक्षिता मुनिः
Source text: sa.wikisource.orgIn English · G. Bühler, 1886(The reward) of all meritorious deeds which thou, good man, hast done since thy birth, shall become the share of the dogs, …
If thou thinkest, O friend of virtue, with respect to thyself, " I am alone," (know that) that sage who witnesses all virtuous acts and all crimes, ever resides in thy heart.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Manusmṛti (Laws of Manu), VIII.90-91 (the judge's charge to a witness); Conway (1874), no. LXXVI, Truth, p. 49, margin 'Hindu. Manu.'.
Conway's section 'Truth', closely: 'The fruit of every virtuous act which thou hast done, O good man, since thy birth, shall depart from thee to the dogs, if thou deviate from the truth. O friend to virtue! that supreme spirit, which thou believest one and the same with thyself, resides in thy bosom perpetually, and is an all-knowing inspector of thy goodness or of thy wickedness.' Tolstoy's changes are small: 'shall depart from thee to the dogs' becomes «погибнет» (will perish), 'believest' becomes «знаешь» (know), and 'an all-knowing inspector of thy goodness or of thy wickedness' becomes «всеведущий наблюдатель добра и зла, которое ты совершаешь» (the all-knowing observer of the good and evil that you do); 'O friend to virtue' is dropped. The change of sense against Manu is already in Conway's English, which is not Bühler's; Conway's list of authorities names Jones's Works in thirteen volumes, which hold Jones's Manu (1794), but the wording was not checked against it. In Manu these are words a judge speaks to a witness: all his merit goes to the dogs 'if in thy speech thou departest from the truth' (yadi brūyās tvam anyathā, 'if you speak otherwise'), and v. 91 says 'if thou thinkest … "I am alone" (eko 'ham asmi), (know that) that sage who witnesses all virtuous acts and all crimes ever resides in thy heart' (Bühler). Conway's English drops the speech and the court, and turns 'I am alone' into a spirit 'one and the same with thyself'; Tolstoy's «про который ты знаешь, что он един с тобою» (of which you know that it is one with you) follows it. Conway's next page (8-23.3, the same day) is also his.
5. Истина не познается путем разговоров, а только трудом и наблюдением. И когда вы овладеете одной истиной, — две другие, наверное, предстанут перед вами.
5. Truth is not learned by way of talk, but only by labor and observation. And when you have mastered one truth, two others will surely appear before you.
From Mornings in Florence · shortened by Tolstoy .
John Ruskin’s own wordsTruth is never learned, in any department of industry, by arguing, but by working, and observing.
And when you have got good hold of one truth, for certain, two others will grow out of it, in a beautifully dicotyledonous fashion, (which, as before noticed, is the meaning of the branch in Logic's right hand).
Source text: gutenberg.orgTolstoy’s own version · Мысли мудрых людей на каждый деньИстина ни в чем не познается путем разговоров, а только трудом и наблюдением.
И когда вы овладеете одной истиной, — две другие, наверное, предстанут перед вами прекрасные, как первые листочки двусемянодольных растений.
Source text: tolstoy.ruDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Mornings in Florence (1875–77), The Fifth Morning 'The Strait Gate', On the Spanish Chapel, figure XIV, Polemic Theology.
Shortened, with two words changed. 'In any department of industry' is dropped (Thoughts of Wise Men, 1903, kept it as «ни в чем», in nothing); 'by arguing' becomes 'by talk' (путем разговоров); 'two others will grow out of it' becomes 'two others will surely present themselves to you' (наверное, предстанут перед вами). The 1903 version keeps Ruskin's image, 'beautiful as the first little leaves of dicotyledonous plants'; the Circle drops it, and with it the growing out of one truth from another. In Ruskin the passage explains why Polemic Theology is the last of the divine sciences in the Spanish Chapel: truth is not settled by debate.
Истина вредна только тому, кто делает зло. Делающие добро любят истину.
Truth is harmful only to the one who does evil. Those who do good love the truth.
Tolstoy TodayТолстой сегодня · tolstoytoday.org/august/23