31Januaryянваря · 31-е января
Высшая степень дерзости — это установление одними людьми такого религиозного закона, который не подлежит обсуждению других и должен быть принят другими людьми на веру.
Для чего это может быть нужно людям?
The height of audacity is the laying down, by some people, of a religious law that is not open to discussion by others and must be accepted on faith by other people.
What can people need this for?
1. Если чтó правда, то давайте верить в это все: бедные, богатые, мужчины, женщины и дети. Если же чтó неправда, то не будем верить никто: ни богатые, ни бедные, ни толпы людей, ни женщины, ни дети. Истину надо провозглашать с крыш.
Постоянно нашептывают, что опасно открывать некоторые вещи народу. Говорят: мы знаем, что это неправда, но это так полезно для народа; можно сделать много зла, поколебав его веру.
Но кривые пути остаются кривыми, хотя бы они были предназначены для обмана больших масс народа, а не отдельных личностей. И потому мы признаем только одно побуждение: следование истине, которую знаем, куда бы она ни привела нас.
1. If a thing is true, let us all believe it: the poor, the rich, men, women, and children. But if a thing is not true, let none of us believe it: neither the rich, nor the poor, nor the crowds of people, nor women, nor children. The truth must be proclaimed from the housetops.
It is constantly being whispered that it is dangerous to reveal certain things to the people. They say: We know that this is not true, but it is so useful for the people; much evil can be done by shaking their faith.
But crooked ways remain crooked, even if they are meant for deceiving great masses of the people and not single individuals. And so we acknowledge only one motive: following the truth we know, wherever it may lead us.
From Clifford, 'Right and Wrong: The Scientific Ground of their Distinction' · joined by Tolstoy from several places .
What Tolstoy read · Stanton Coit, The Message of Man… all disbelieve it, rich and poor, men, masses women, and children.
… shouted from the house-tops.
… you don't know what harm you might do by shaking their faith in it …
… crooked because they arc meant to deceive great masses of people instead of individuals.
… follow the truth as we know it, whithersoever it may lead us …
Ixxix. , 34
Source text: archive.orgClifford’s own wordsSecondly, veracity to the community depends upon faith in man.
And yet it is constantly whispered that it would be dangerous to divulge certain truths to the masses.
I know the whole thing is untrue : but then it is so useful for the people ; you don't know what harm you might do by shaking their faith in it.
Crooked ways are none the less crooked because they are meant to deceive great masses of people instead of individuals.
… rich and poor, men, women, and children. If a thing is untrue, let …
Truth is a thing to be shouted from the …
… housetops, not to be whispered over rose-water after dinner when the ladies are gone away.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Clifford, 'Right and Wrong: The Scientific Ground of their Distinction' (Fortnightly Review, 1875), in Lectures and Essays, vol. II (London, Macmillan, 1879); reordered, with a sentence of Felix Adler's, in Stanton Coit, The Message of Man (1902), ch. LXXIX 'The Truth Shall Make You Free', vv. 30-34, Lectures and Essays II, pp. 175-176; Coit ch. LXXIX, vv. 30-34.
Tolstoy follows Coit, who sets Clifford's sentences in a new order (vv. 30-33: true and untrue, then the whisper, then the crooked ways) and adds as v. 34 a sentence his notes and index credit to Felix Adler: 'We acknowledge but one motive,--to follow the truth as we know it, whithersoever it may lead us'. Tolstoy translates the five verses closely, without 'Veracity to the community depends upon faith in man' and the end of Adler's sentence ('but, in our heart of hearts, we are well assured that the truth which has made us free will in the end make us glad also'); like Coit he stops at 'shouted from the house-tops', before Clifford's 'not to be whispered over rose-water after dinner when the ladies are gone away'. Coit prints the margin note 'Truth for the masses' beside v. 30, and its last word falls in the line 'rich and poor, men, masses / women, and children'; Tolstoy's second list has 'crowds of people' where Clifford has 'men', probably from it. Adler's sentence was not found in his own writings. The Jubilee name index takes «Клиффорд» for an 'Arthur Clifford (d. 1830)'; the author is William Kingdon Clifford, and Tolstoy's name is right for all but the last sentence.
2. Невежественность и суеверность народа в значительной степени обусловливаются тем, что всегда находились и теперь находятся такие жестокие люди, которые, просветившись сами, употребляют свой свет не на то, на что они должны бы употреблять его, — на помощь выбивающемуся из мрака невежества народу, — а только на то, чтобы закреплять его в нем.
2. The ignorance and superstition of the people are due in great measure to the fact that there have always been, and still are, cruel people who, having become enlightened themselves, use their light not for what they ought to use it for — to help the people struggling out of the darkness of ignorance — but only to hold the people fast in it.
3. Странное дело! Во все времена негодяи старались маскировать свои гнусные поступки преданностью интересам религии, нравственности и любви к отечеству.
3. It is a strange thing! In every age scoundrels have tried to cloak their vile deeds in devotion to the interests of religion, morality, and love of country.
From Ueber den Denunzianten. Eine Vorrede zum dritten Theile des Salons · reworded by Tolstoy .
What changedHeine’s retort to the attacks on him and his friends becomes a maxim: “in every age scoundrels have tried to cloak their vile deeds” in religion, morality, and love of country.
Original · GermanSonderbar! Und immer ist es die Religion, und immer die Moral, und immer der Patriotismus, womit alle schlechten Subjecte ihre Angriffe beschönigen! Sie greifen uns an, nicht aus schäbbigen Privatinteressen, nicht aus Schriftstellerneid, nicht aus angebohrnem Knechtsinn, sondern um den lieben Gott, um die guten Sitten und das Vaterland zu retten.
Source text: de.wikisource.orgIn English · Gilbert Cannan, 1910Strange ! It is always religion, always morality, always patriotism, with which the mauvais sujets justify these attacks. They attack us not from a private interest, not from literary envy, not from native slavishness, but to save God, good morals, and the Fatherland.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Ueber den Denunzianten. Eine Vorrede zum dritten Theile des Salons (Hamburg, Hoffmann und Campe, 1837), against Wolfgang Menzel, First edition, p. 12 (Wikisource's transcription); Karpeles, Heinrich Heine's Memoirs, vol. II, Book IV, ch. X ("Young Germany").
Heine, answering Menzel's denunciation of Young Germany: "Strange! And always it is religion, and always morality, and always patriotism, with which all bad characters gloss over their attacks!" They attack us, he goes on, to save God, good morals, and the fatherland. Tolstoy keeps the exclamation and the three words and makes the sentence general: "at all times scoundrels have tried to mask their vile deeds with devotion to the interests of religion, morality, and love of the fatherland". Menzel and the attacks on Heine and his friends drop out. No closer wording was found in Heine, and the form Tolstoy read (perhaps a Russian or English rendering) was not identified.
4. Остерегайтесь книжников, которые любят ходить в длинных одеждах и любят приветствия в народных собраниях, председания в синагогах и предвозлежания на пиршествах, которые поедают домы вдов и лицемерно долго молятся; они примут тем большее осуждение.
4. Beware of the scribes, who like to walk about in long robes, and love greetings in the public assemblies, the chief seats in the synagogues, and the places of honor at feasts; who devour widows’ houses and hypocritically make long prayers: they will receive all the greater condemnation.
From Luke · close to the original .
The Russian Bible (Synodal translation)… остерегайтесь книжников, которые любят ходить в длинных одеждах и любят приветствия в народных собраниях, председания в синагогах и предвозлежания на пиршествах, …
… которые поедают до́мы вдов и лицемерно долго молятся; они примут тем большее осуждение.
Source text: ru.wikisource.orgIn English · King James Version, 1611Beware of the scribes, which desire to walk in long robes, and love greetings in the markets, and the highest seats in the synagogues, and the chief rooms at feasts; …
Which devour widows’ houses, and for a shew make long prayers: the same shall receive greater damnation.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Luke, 20:46–47.
The Synodal text word for word.
Translation note. Tolstoy’s wording; the KJV has “greetings in the markets”, “for a shew make long prayers”, and “the same shall receive greater damnation”.
5. А вы не называйтесь учителями, ибо один у вас учитель — Христос, все же вы — братья; и отцом себе не называйте никого на земле, ибо один у вас отец, который на небесах; и не называйтесь наставниками, ибо один у вас наставник — Христос.
5. But you are not to be called teachers, for you have one teacher, Christ, and you are all brothers; and call no one on earth your father, for you have one Father, who is in heaven; and you are not to be called guides, for you have one guide, Christ.
From Matthew · close to the original .
The Russian Bible (Synodal translation)А вы не называйтесь учителями, ибо один у вас Учитель — Христос, все же вы — братья; …
… и отцом себе не называйте никого на земле, ибо один у вас Отец, Который на небесах; …
… и не называйтесь наставниками, ибо один у вас Наставник — Христос.
Source text: ru.wikisource.orgIn English · King James Version, 1611But be not ye called Rabbi: for one is your Master, even Christ; and all ye are brethren.
And call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your Father, which is in heaven.
Neither be ye called masters: for one is your Master, even Christ.
Source text: gutenberg.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Matthew, 23:8–10.
The Synodal text word for word, the divine names in lower case.
Translation note. Tolstoy’s wording; the KJV has “be not ye called Rabbi: for one is your Master, even Christ; and all ye are brethren”, and in verse 10 “Neither be ye called masters: for one is your Master”, where Tolstoy has «учитель», “teacher”, and «наставник», “guide”.
6. Всё учение Христа в том, чтобы исполнять его заповеди. Войдут в царство небесное не те, кто говорит: «Господи! Господи!» а те, кто исполнит волю отца.
6. The whole of Christ’s teaching lies in fulfilling his commandments. It is not those who say, “Lord! Lord!” who will enter the kingdom of heaven, but those who fulfill the will of the Father.
Translation note. Matthew 7:21; the KJV reads “Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in heaven.”
Христос учил людей тому, что между богом и человеком не нужно посредников. Он учил тому, что все люди — сыны бога. Какие же могут быть нужны посредники между отцом и сыном?
Christ taught people that no intermediaries are needed between God and a human being. He taught that all people are sons of God. What intermediaries, then, can be needed between father and son?
Tolstoy TodayТолстой сегодня · tolstoytoday.org/january/31