HeraclitusГераклит
2 passagesотрывков: 2
Each date opens its day beside the list, with these passages marked.Каждая дата открывает свой день рядом со списком, где отрывки этого автора отмечены.
4. Когда мы рождаемся, наши души кладутся в гроб нашего тела. Гроб этот — наше тело — постепенно разрушается, и душа наша всё больше и больше освобождается. Когда же тело умирает, душа совсем освобождается.
4. When we are born, our souls are laid in the coffin of our body. This coffin — our body — gradually falls apart, and our soul is set free more and more. And when the body dies, the soul is wholly set free.
Probably from Fragment DK 22 B62 / B88, as glossed by Philo, Allegorical Interpretation I.108 · reworded by Tolstoy (more).
Not in Leo Tolstoy as EditorHeraclitus’s own words survive only as “we live their death and die their life”; the soul buried in the body is the gloss of those who quote him, and Tolstoy’s intermediary was not found.
Original · Ancient Greek… εὖ καὶ ὁ Ἡράκλειτος κατὰ τοῦτο Μωυσέως ἀκολουθήσας τῷ δόγματι, φησὶ γάρ· „Ζῶμεν τὸν ἐκείνων θάνατον, τεθνήκαμεν δὲ τὸν ἐκείνων βίον," ὡς νῦν μέν, ὅτε ζῶμεν, τεθνηκυίας τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ ὡς ἂν ἐν σήματι τῷ σώματι ἐντετυμβευμένης, εἰ δὲ ἀποθάνοιμεν, τῆς ψυχῆς ζώσης τὸν ἴδιον βίον καὶ ἀπηλλαγμένης κακοῦ καὶ νεκροῦ συνδέτου τοῦ σώματος.
Source text: raw.githubusercontent.comIn English · C. D. Yonge (The Works of Philo Judaeus, 1854–55; text as on earlychristianwritings.com), 1854Well, therefore, did Heraclitus say this, following the doctrine of Moses; for he says, "We are living according to the death of those men; and we have died according to their life." As if he had said, Now, when we are alive, we are so though our soul is dead and buried in our body, as if in a tomb. But if it were to die, then our soul would live according to its proper life, being released from the evil and dead body to which it is bound.
Source text: earlychristianwritings.comRelated · Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism III.230… ὅτε μὲν γὰρ ἡμεῖς ζῶμεν, τὰς ψυχὰς ἡμῶν τεθνάναι καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν τεθάφθαι, …
Source text: raw.githubusercontent.comDetails
A likely source, not certain. Fragment DK 22 B62 / B88, as glossed by Philo, Allegorical Interpretation I.108, Philo, Legum allegoriae I.108; compare Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism III.230.
Heraclitus's own words survive only as "we live their death and die their life" (DK B62); the soul buried in the body is the gloss of those who quote him. Tolstoy's thought is closest to Philo's gloss: while we live the soul is entombed in the body as in a tomb (σῆμα), and when we die it lives its own life, released from the evil, dead body bound to it. Sextus says the souls are "dead and buried in us" and "revive" at death, with no release. Tolstoy adds what neither has: the soul is laid in the coffin at birth, the coffin (the body) slowly decays, and the soul is freed "more and more" as it does. The «По» of the signature marks the free rendering. His intermediary was not found; the line is not in the Thoughts of Wise Men.
Translation note. The Jubilee text breaks the italics at the commas and dashes; the English sets the passage as one.
7. Природа души так глубока, что как бы мы ни пытались узнать ее, мы никогда не будем в состоянии определить ее.
7. The nature of the soul is so deep that however we try to know it, we will never be able to define it.
From Fragment · close to the original (more).
Original · Ancient Greek… λέγεται δὲ καὶ ψυχῆς πείρατα ἰὼν οὐκ ἂν ἐξεύροιο, πᾶσαν ἐπιπορευόμενος ὁδόν· οὕτω βαθὺν λόγον ἔχει.
Source text: raw.githubusercontent.comIn English · R. D. Hicks, 1925Another of his sayings is: “Of soul thou shalt never find boundaries, not if thou trackest it on every path; so deep is its cause.”
Source text: en.wikisource.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Fragment (Diels-Kranz 22 B45), preserved by Diogenes Laertius, DK B45; Diogenes Laertius IX.7.
A free but faithful rendering: 'you will not find the limits of the soul though you travel every road, so deep is its logos' becomes 'the nature of the soul is so deep that however we try to know it we shall never be able to define it'. The order is reversed (depth first), the roads become 'however we try', and λόγος becomes 'nature'; 'определить' (to define, literally to set bounds) keeps the image of the soul's boundaries.