François FénelonФрансуа Фенелон
4 passagesотрывков: 4
Each date opens its day beside the list, with these passages marked.Каждая дата открывает свой день рядом со списком, где отрывки этого автора отмечены.
2. Горе ученым, которые собирают знания, горе самодовольным философам, ненасытимым исследователям. Эти дурные богачи ежедневно празднуют на своих умственных пирах, тогда как Лазарь непрестанно голодает. Люди эти наполнены тем, чтó есть ничто, потому что это пустое знание не содействует ни внутреннему, ни общественному совершенствованию.
2. Woe to the learned who gather knowledge, woe to the self-satisfied philosophers, the insatiable investigators. These wicked rich men feast every day at their banquets of the mind, while Lazarus goes hungry without ceasing. These people are filled with what is nothing, because this empty knowledge furthers neither inner nor social perfecting.
From Letter to the duc de Chevreuse, «Contre l'esprit subtil et minutieux» · reworded by Tolstoy (more).
What changedKnowledge that does not promote “the interior life, which consists wholly in the love of God” becomes knowledge that furthers “neither inner nor social perfecting.”
Original · FrenchD'où je conclus: Malheur aux riches d'esprit, à ces savans qui entassent tant de connoissances , à ces philosophes sages en euxmêmes , aux esprits qui veulent tout pénétrer, et jouir de leurs lumières comme un avare de ses trésors ! Ce sont les mauvais riches de l'esprit qui font tous les jours des festins somptueux pendant que le pauvre Lazare souiï're en paix la faim.
On est plein sans le savoir , et plein de rien, car la plupart des connoissances acquises ne nous donnent aucune nourriture elfective pour la vie intérieure , qui est l'amour de Dieu.
Source text: archive.orgIn English · H. L. Sidney Lear, 1880Woe to the wealthy-minded, to the learned who heap up knowledge, to the self-satisfied philosopher, to the insatiable inquirer, who hoards his lights as a miser his treasure! These evil rich men are daily feasting on intellectual banquets, while Lazarus patiently suffers hunger.
Men are filled with what is nought, for such empty knowledge does not promote the interior life, which consists wholly in the love of God.
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The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Letter to the duc de Chevreuse, «Contre l'esprit subtil et minutieux» (Correspondance avec le duc de Bourgogne, etc., letter XXIII), Œuvres complètes de Fénelon, vol. VII (Paris and Lille, 1850), p. 223; Sidney Lear's Spiritual Letters … Letters to Men (1880), letter LXIX, pp. 125–127.
Joined from two places in one letter and changed at the end. Tolstoy follows Sidney Lear's English rather than the French: 'the self-satisfied philosopher, the insatiable inquirer' (Fénelon: 'philosophers wise in their own eyes, minds that want to penetrate everything'), 'these evil rich men are daily feasting on intellectual banquets', 'men are filled with what is nought, for such empty knowledge does not promote'. He drops 'Woe to the wealthy-minded' and 'who hoards his lights as a miser his treasure'; Lazarus who 'patiently suffers hunger' (French 'souffre en paix la faim') 'goes hungry without ceasing'. The end changes in sense: knowledge that does not nourish 'the interior life, which is the love of God' becomes knowledge that serves 'neither inner nor social perfection'. The attribution to Fénelon is right.
Translation note. The rich man who “fared sumptuously every day” and the beggar Lazarus at his gate: Luke 16:19–21.
2. По мере того, как свет увеличивается в нас, мы видим себя худшими, чем мы прежде думали. Мы удивляемся на свою прежнюю слепоту по мере того, как видим выступающий из нашего сердца целый рой постыдных чувствований. Мы никогда не воображали, что могли хранить в себе такие гадости, и с ужасом смотрим на их появление. Но не надо ни удивляться, ни отчаиваться. Мы не стали хуже, чем были, напротив.
2. As the light increases in us, we see ourselves to be worse than we thought before. We are amazed at our former blindness as we see a whole swarm of shameful feelings coming forth from our heart. We never imagined that we could harbor such vileness within us, and we watch it appear with horror. But there is no need either to be amazed or to despair. We have not become worse than we were; on the contrary.
From Lettres spirituelles · shortened by Tolstoy (more).
What Tolstoy read · Spiritual Letters of Archbishop Fénelon: Letters to Women, tr. H. L. Sidney LearAs that light increases, we see ourselves to be worse than we thought We are amazed at our former blindness as we see issuing forth from the depths of our heart a whole swarm of shameful feelings, like filthy reptiles crawling from a hidden cave.
We never could have believed that we had harboured such things, and we stand aghast as we watch them gradually appear. But we must neither be amazed nor disheartened. We are not worse than we were ; on the contrary …
Source text: archive.orgOriginal · FrenchA mesure que la lumière augmente, Madame, on se trouve plus corrompu qu'on ne le croyait ; on est tout étonné de son aveuglement passé, et on voit sortir du fond de son cœur, comme d'une caverne profonde, une infinité de sentimens honteux.
On n'aurait jamais cru les porter dans son sein. Il ne faut toutefois ni s'étonner ni se décourager.
Ce n'est pas que nous soyons plus médians que nous ne l'étions; au contraire, nous le sommes moins …
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The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Lettres spirituelles, Letter to a lady of 21 March 1690: Lettres choisies de Fénelon (Collection de lettres chrétiennes, t. II, 3rd ed., Geneva and Paris, 1856), letter V, pp. 182–183; Sidney Lear, Spiritual Letters … Letters to Women (1877), letter VII, «Not to be troubled about unintentional omissions in confession», pp. 27–28.
The middle of the letter, with its ending cut. Tolstoy follows Sidney Lear's English, not the French: «Мы удивляемся на свою прежнюю слепоту по мере того, как видим выступающий из нашего сердца целый рой постыдных чувствований» is Lear's 'We are amazed at our former blindness as we see issuing forth from the depths of our heart a whole swarm of shameful feelings', where Fénelon has 'une infinité de sentiments honteux' (an infinity of shameful feelings) rising 'comme d'une caverne profonde'; «и с ужасом смотрим на их появление» is Lear's 'we stand aghast as we watch them gradually appear'. Tolstoy drops Lear's simile of the 'filthy reptiles crawling from a hidden cave' and stops at «напротив» ('on the contrary'), before 'we are better', leaving out the rest of the letter (the light that shows our faults grows as the faults diminish). The Geneva printing saved here shortens the French (it lacks the reptiles and 'on s'en fait horreur à mesure qu'on les voit sortir', which the Paris Œuvres of 1851, vol. VIII, have in a scan whose two columns run together) and reads 'médians' (OCR for 'méchants').
1. Большинство людей, желая исправить свою жизнь, более желают совершить что-нибудь трудное и необыкновенное, чем очистить свои желания и отказаться от самоугождения в обыкновенных обязанностях своего положения. А между тем последнее гораздо важнее первого.
1. Most people who wish to amend their lives would rather do something hard and extraordinary than purify their desires and give up pleasing themselves in the ordinary duties of their station. And yet the second matters far more than the first.
From Instructions et avis sur divers points de la morale et de la perfection chrétienne · shortened by Tolstoy (more).
Original · FrenchLa plupart des gens, quand ils veulent se convertir ou se réformer, songent bien plus à remplir leur vie de certaines actions difficiles et extraordinaires, qu'à purifier leurs intentions, et à mourir à leurs inclinations naturelles dans les actions les plus communes de leur état : en quoi ils se trompent fort souvent. Il vaudroit beaucoup mieux changer moins les actions , et changer davantage la disposition du cœur qui les fait faire.
Source text: archive.orgIn English · Eliza Lee Cabot Follen ("a Lady"), Selections from the Writings of Fenelon, 3rd ed., Boston, 1831Most persons, when they wish to be converted or to reform, think more of performing some difficult and extraordinary actions, than of purifying their intentions, and sacrificing their inclinations in the most common duties of their situation in life ; in which they are deceived.
It would be better to make less change in the action, and a deeper change in the disposition with which it is performed.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Instructions et avis sur divers points de la morale et de la perfection chrétienne, Avis II, "Avis à une personne de la cour: se permettre sans scrupule les divertissements attachés à son état; les sanctifier par une intention pure" (Œuvres complètes, Paris: Leroux et Jouby, 1850–51, t. VI); in the Œuvres spirituelles of 1752, t. II, no. XLV "Des divertissemens attachés à l’état des personnes".
Tolstoy keeps the contrast but turns "purify their intentions" into purifying their desires and "die to their natural inclinations" into renouncing self-pleasing, and replaces Fénelon's "in which they are very often mistaken; better to change the actions less and the heart's disposition more" with a flat verdict. The advice was written to a courtier about amusements he could not avoid; that context is gone, as "after Fénelon" signals.
1. Люди думают, что самоотречение нарушает свободу. Такие люди не знают, что только самоотречение дает нам истинную свободу, освобождая нас от нас самих, от рабства нашей развращенности. Наши страсти — самые жестокие тираны; только уступи им, и будешь в самом жестоком рабстве без силы вздохнуть свободно. Только самоотречение избавляет от этого рабства.
1. People think that self-renunciation infringes on freedom. Such people do not know that only self-renunciation gives us true freedom, by freeing us from ourselves, from the slavery of our depravity. Our passions are the cruelest of tyrants; you need only give in to them, and you will be in the cruelest slavery, without the strength to draw a free breath. Only self-renunciation delivers us from this slavery.
From Manuel de piété, «Réflexions pour tous les jours du mois», 23rd and 24th days · reworded by Tolstoy (more).
What changedFénelon’s question, whether we fear being “too free from self,” becomes the statement that only self-renunciation gives true freedom.
Original · FrenchVous n'aurez plus la permission de vous abandonner à vos passions tyranniques; mais en sacrifiant librement votre Uberté, vous en retrouverez une autre inconnue au monde , et plus précieuse que toute la puissance des rois.
Craignons-nous d'être trop heureux , trop délivrés de nous-mêmes , des caprices de notre orgueil , de la violence de nos passions, et de la tyrannie du siècle trompeur?
D'ailleurs nos passions sont pires que les plus cruels tyrans. Si on ne les suit qu'à demi, il faut à toute heure être aux prises avec elles, et ne respirer jamais un seul moment.
Source text: archive.orgIn English · Eliza Lee Cabot Follen ("a Lady"), Selections from the Writings of Fenelon, 3rd ed., Boston, 1831Do we fear being too free from self, from the caprices of our pride, the violence of our passions, and the tyranny of the. world ?
Besides this, our own passions are worse than the most cruel tyrants. If we obey them only in part, we must maintain a continual contest with them, and have hardly time to breathe.
Source text: archive.orgDetails
The words shown were found, word for word, in the saved source text. Manuel de piété, «Réflexions pour tous les jours du mois», 23rd and 24th days, 23e jour «Sur la douceur du joug de Jésus-Christ», §§ I–II, and 24e jour «Sur la fausse liberté», § II (Œuvres complètes, Paris: Leroux et Jouby, 1850–51, t. VI); in Follen's English, Twenty-third Day «On the Yoke of Jesus Christ» and Twenty-fourth Day «On False Liberty», pp. 277–278.
Freely reworked from two consecutive days of Fénelon's meditations. From the 23rd come the liberty sacrificed to God that gives back another, unknown to the world, and being freed from ourselves and from the violence of our passions; from the 24th, the passions worse than the cruelest tyrants, which never let us breathe, and the slavery that men call liberty. The opening sentence and the word "self-renunciation" are Tolstoy's: Fénelon speaks of giving one's liberty to God.